Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 

About: Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Glaucoma & Visual acuity. It has an ISSN identifier of 0065-9533. Over the lifetime, 2381 publications have been published receiving 48592 citations.

The epidemiology of retinal vein occlusion: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence and the 5-year incidence of retinal central and branch vein occlusion and associated risk factors. METHODS: The Beaver Dam Eye Study (n = 4,926) is a population-based study in which retinal vein occlusions were detected at baseline (1988-1990) and at a 5-year follow-up examination (1993-1995) by grading of 30 degrees color fundus photographs. RESULTS: The prevalence and 5-year incidence of retinal branch vein occlusion were each 0.6%. The prevalence of retinal central vein occlusion was 0.1%, and the 5-year incidence was 0.2%. While adjusting for age, the prevalence of branch vein occlusion was associated with hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 5.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.18, 13.47), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.04, 5.70), pulse pressure (OR 1.24 for 10 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.03, 1.48), ocular perfusion pressure (OR 2.09 for 10 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.45, 3.01), arteriovenous nicking (OR 16.75, 95% CI 7.33, 38.24), and focal arteriolar narrowing (OR 22.86, 95% CI 8.43, 62.03). The age-adjusted incidence of retinal branch vein occlusion was associated with current smoking (OR 4.43 95%, CI 1.53, 12.84) compared with nonsmokers and to focal arteriolar narrowing (OR 5.24, 95% CI 1.97, 13.94) at baseline. While controlling for age, the incidence of branch vein occlusion was not associated with serum lipid levels, body mass index, white blood cell count, alcohol consumption, aspirin use, glaucoma, intraocular pressure, or ocular hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal vein occlusion is infrequent in the population. These data suggest a strong association between retinal branch vein occlusion and retinal arteriolar changes. Data from larger populations are needed to further assess associations between risk factors and the incidence of retinal vein occlusions.

Final results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) randomized trial.

Abstract: The results presented in this Appendix are based on data from 664 infants who had one eye identified at prethreshold ROP that was not treated unless the ROP progressed to threshold. This natural history cohort was examined to consider alternative treatment strategies for managing prethreshold eyes. Included in this natural history cohort were all control eyes in the asymmetric randomized group, the conventionally managed eyes of infants with bilateral high-risk prethreshold disease, and one eye selected at random from the infants with low-risk prethreshold disease. Table A categorizes these eyes by RM-ROP2 high-risk and low-risk classification, and by whether or not they progressed to threshold ROP for treatment and/or had an unfavorable outcome. Table B shows this cohort of eyes classified by ICROP categorization and indicates that nearly 100% of zone I eyes were classified as high-risk. However, among eyes with zone I, stage 1 or 2 ROP with no plus disease, a much lower percentage progressed to threshold and/or an unfavorable outcome than occurred in all other categories of zone I disease. Among zone II eyes, those with zone II, stage 3 with no plus disease did much better than eyes in other categories. These data led to a proposed grouping of the eyes by the ICROP classification into type I and type II ROP. The outcome results achieved by dividing the cohort into type I and type II ROP based on the ICROP classification are shown in Table C.

Central retinal vein occlusion: a prospective histopathologic study of 29 eyes in 28 cases.

Abstract: The clinical and histopathologic features of 29 eyes from 29 patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) are reported. A fresh or a recanalized thrombus was observed in each eye. This study considers the temporal aspects of the cases, and it notes the different morphologic features of the occlusion. These observations explain most of the variability of the changes observed in previous reports. We believe that these different features represent the various stages in the natural evolution of such a thrombus. The interval between CRVO and histopathologic study in our series ranged from six hours to more than 10 years. Local and systemic factors were reviewed and were found to be important in the pathogenesis of thrombus formation. Local diseases with a predisposing effect on CRVO included: glaucoma, papilledema, subdural hemorrhage, optic nerve hemorrhage, and drusen of the optic nerve head. Associated systemic diseases included: hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and leukemia with thrombocytopenia. A fresh thrombus in the CRVO was observed in three (10.3%), and a recanalized thrombus in 26 eyes (89.7%). Endothelial-cell proliferation was a conspicuous feature in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. Chronic inflammation in the area of the thrombus, and/or vein wall or perivenular area was observed in 14 (48.3%) of the eyes. Arterial occlusive disease was observed in seven eyes (24.6%). Cystoid macular edema was found in 26 (89.7%) of the eyes.

Senile macular degeneration: a histopathologic study.

Abstract: The histopathologic features of 176 eyes from 115 patients with senile macular degeneration have been studied. The results support the view that older persons with drusen are predisposed to the development of serous detachments, areolar retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, and subretinal pigment epithelial neovascularization. Direct clinicopathologic correlation was accomplished in 11 cases. Serial sections through the macular lesions were prepared and studied in 45 eyes. Five eyes were studied with stepped-serial sections through the macula at 0.1 mm intervals. Two-dimensional map reconstruction of the macular lesion of eight eyes was performed. Electron microscopic study of Bruch's membrane was performed in five eyes. A flow chart illustrating the interrelationships of the various morphologic forms of senile macular degeneration is proposed.

Type A behavior and central serous chorioretinopathy

Abstract: A consecutive series of newly-diagnosed patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) was compared to two independent control groups chosen from the same patient population for the presence of a Type A behavioral pattern based on the Jenkins Activity Survey The patients selected as matched controls had painless, reduced central vision and other chorioretinal diseases (Group I), or non-chorioretinal ocular conditions (Group II) The Type A behavior was significantly more frequent in study patients than in either Control Group I (X2 = 61 and P less than 0025) or Control Group II patients (X2 = 177 and P less than 0001) When both control groups were combined for comparison to the CSP patients, there was also a highly significant difference with regard to Type A behavior (X2 = 141 and P less than 0001) A comparison of Control Group I with Control Group II revealed no significant difference in Type A behavior Subfactor analysis of the Type A behavior pattern was also studied The results of this clinical study were used in conjunction with experimental evidence linking catecholamines with CSP in developing a multifactorial etiologic hypothesis The hypothesis suggests that the eyes as an organ system, and the macula as an ultimate target area, can be intermittently or continuously stimulated adversely by Type A behavior and its physiological consequences, most notably a sympathetic discharge The multifactorial concept alludes to other potential risk factors such as age, race, sex, refractive state, or unknown tissue susceptabilities The pathogenesis implies an inter-relationship between finely balanced components of a complex biopsychological system involving an individual's genetic endowment, his environment, and his behavioral pattern The concept also offers new possible lines of investigation for the treatment of CSP, utilizing pharmacological regulators and for its prevention through early identification of CSP-prone individuals A review of the pertinent cardiovasculature literature linking the Type A behavior with coronary artery disease and the significant papers in the ophthalmic literature on central serous pigment epitheliopathy are included in the discussion