Who Chronicle 

About: Who Chronicle is an academic journal. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Health care & MEDLINE. It has an ISSN identifier of 0042-9694. Over the lifetime, 285 publications have been published receiving 9711 citations.

WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality.

Abstract: In soil, fertilizers containing inorganic nitrogen and wastes containing organic nitrogen are first decomposed to give ammonia, which is then oxidized to nitrite and nitrate. The nitrate is taken up by plants during their growth and used in the synthesis of organic nitrogenous compounds. Surplus nitrate readily moves with groundwater (2, 3). Under aerobic conditions, it percolates in large quantities into the aquifer because of the small extent to which degradation or denitrification occurs. Under anaerobic conditions, nitrate may be denitrified or degraded almost completely to nitrogen. The presence of high or low water tables, the amount of rainwater, the presence of other organic material, and other physicochemical properties are also important in determining the fate of nitrate in soil ( 4). In surface water, nitrification and denitrification may also occur, depending on the temperature and pH. The uptake of nitrate by plants, however, is responsible for most of the nitrate reduction in surface water. Nitrogen compounds are formed in the air by lightning or discharged into it from industrial processes, motor vehicles, and intensive agriculture. Nitrate is present in air primarily as nitric acid and inorganic aerosols, as well as nitrate radicals and organic gases or aerosols. These are removed by wet and dry deposition.

Smoking and health.

Abstract: A new development in the 20th century has been the increasing use of cigarettes manufactured primarily from flue-cured tobaccos. It has been clearly shown during the last 20 years that cigarette smoking impairs health to such a serious degree that means for its control must be developed. Cigarette smoking has been found to have a major part in the development of many diseases the most important of which are ischemic heart disease lung cancer chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Apart from these diseases which are major causes of death cigarette smoking is responsible for widespread and distressing disability from chest and heart diseases and increases the mortality and disability from several other conditions. The more recent adoption of cigarette smoking by women in developed countries is already associated with increasing mortality and morbidity from lung cancer and other illnesses. The health effects of smoking are largely confined to the individual smoker and although severe become manifest only after many years of smoking and are therefore not obviously connected with the habit. In countries where deaths and disability associated with cigarette smoking are already at high levels more preventive action is necessary. It is essential to take action that will promote the reduction or discontinuance of smoking and that will discourage young people from starting to smoke. Focus in the remainder of the discussion is on evidence connecting smoking with disease smoking habits and total mortality diseases causing excess mortality of cigarette smokers cigarette smoking as a cause of excess mortality cigarette smoking as a cause of excess morbidity specific diseases related to cigarette smoking approaches to prevention and experience in the United States.

Interactions of nutrition and infection.

Abstract: Abrege d'un article publie dans «The American Journal of the Medical Sciences», 1959, vol. 237, pp. 367-403