A comparative study of complexity of handwritten Bharati characters with that of major Indian scripts
14 May 2017-pp 3050-3057
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present Bharati, a simple, novel Indian script that can represent the characters of a majority of contemporary Indian scripts, and perform a complexity analysis of handwritten Bharati script and compare its complexity with that of nine major Indian scripts.
Abstract: We present Bharati, a simple, novel script that can represent the characters of a majority of contemporary Indian scripts. The shapes/motifs of Bharati characters are drawn from some of the simplest characters of existing Indian scripts. Bharati characters are designed such that they strictly reflect the underlying phonetic organization, thereby attributing to the script qualities of simplicity, familiarity, ease of acquisition and use. Thus, employing Bharati script as a common script for a majority of Indian languages can ameliorate several existing communication bottlenecks in India. We perform a complexity analysis of handwritten Bharati script and compare its complexity with that of nine major Indian scripts. The measures of complexity are derived from a theory of handwritten characters based on Catastrophe theory. Bharati script is shown to be simpler than the nine major Indian scripts in most measures of complexity. Self-organizing maps (SOM) are generated by training data for handwritten characters of Bharati and Indian scripts. Phonetically similar characters are clustered together on SOM for Bharati, supporting the proposition that the shapes of Bharati script follow the underlying phonetic organization.
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TL;DR: Mudrabharati as discussed by the authors is a unified fingerspelling system for Indic scripts based on the phonetics of Indian scripts and not the geometry of the glyphs that compose the individual characters.
Abstract: Sign Language (SL) is a potential tool for communication in the hearing and speech-impaired community. As individual words cannot be communicated accurately using the SL gestures, fingerspelling is adopted to spell out names of people and places. Due to rich vocabulary and diversity in Indic scripts, and the abugida nature of Indic scripts that distinguish them from a prominent world script like the Roman script, it is cumbersome to use American Sign Language (ASL) convention for fingerspelling in Indian languages. Moreover, due to the existence of 10 major scripts in India, it is a futile task to develop a separate fingerspelling convention for each individual Indic script based on the geometry of the characters. In this paper, we propose a novel and unified fingerspelling system known as Mudrabharati for Indic scripts. The gestures of Mudrabharati are constructed based on the phonetics of Indian scripts and not the geometry of the glyphs that compose the individual characters. Unlike ASL that utilizes just one hand, Mudrabharati uses both the hands - one for consonants and the other for vowels; swarayukta aksharas (Consonant-Vowel combinations) are gestured by using both the hands. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) based recognition system for Mudrabharati that returns the character in Devanagari and Tamil scripts is developed.
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Proceedings Article•
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23 Oct 2006
TL;DR: A system for recognition of online handwritten characters has been presented for Indian writing systems and the results have been presented after testing the system on Devanagari and Telugu scripts.
Abstract: A system for recognition of online handwritten characters has been presented for Indian writing systems. A handwritten character is represented as a sequence of strokes whose features are extracted and classied. Support vector machines have been used for constructing the stroke recognition engine. The results have been presented after testing the system on Devanagari and Telugu scripts.
94 citations
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TL;DR: This work addresses the general problem of defining the shape of a 2D line diagram, with character as a significant special case, and develops a framework based on a branch of mathematics known as the Catastrophe theory, derived systematically from a small set of 11 shape features found in handwritten scripts.
Abstract: A handwritten character magically survives serious distortions in size, orientation and even structure, justifying perhaps its Sanskrit name--Aksharam, the undecaying. Several traditional approaches model characters in terms of certain shape features like line crossings, T-junctions etc. But there is no sanctity in the choice of these features--which may be specific to a script--nor is there a limit to their number. We address the general problem of defining the shape of a 2D line diagram, with character as a significant special case. To this end we develop a framework based on a branch of mathematics known as the Catastrophe theory. A small set of 11 shape features is derived systematically from our framework. The 11 features are found in several of world's scripts and may in fact be universal. More complex shapes break down to the above 11 in handwritten scripts. We discuss how our model can be applied to on-line character recognition from pen-based devices.
33 citations
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