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A sharpening of the Parikh mapping

TLDR
A sharpening of the Parikh map- ping is introduced and an interesting in- terconnection between mirror images of words and inverses of matrices is established.
Abstract
In this paper we introduce a sharpening of the Parikh map- ping and investigate its basic properties. The new mapping is based on square matrices of a certain form. The classical Parikh vector appears in such a matrix as the second diagonal. However, the matrix prod- uct gives more information about a word than the Parikh vector. We characterize the matrix products and establish also an interesting in- terconnection between mirror images of words and inverses of matrices. Mathematics Subject Classification. 68Q45, 68Q70.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Abelian complexity of minimal subshifts

TL;DR: An affirmative answer to an old question of Rauzy is given by exhibiting a class of words whose Abelian complexity is everywhere equal to 3 by using van der Waerden's theorem, which shows that any minimal subshift having bounded Abelian simplicity contains Abelian k-powers for every positive integer k.
Journal ArticleDOI

Subword histories and Parikh matrices

TL;DR: This paper introduces the closely related notion of a subword history and obtains a sequence of general results: elimination of products, decidability of equivalence, and normal form, and investigates overall-methods for proving the validity of such results.
Journal ArticleDOI

Some characterizations of Parikh matrix equivalent binary words

TL;DR: It is shown that different characterizations of pair of words having the same Parikh matrix have different meanings according to the type of language they are spoken in.
Journal ArticleDOI

Connections between subwords and certain matrix mappings

TL;DR: This paper continues the investigation of Parikh matrices and subword occurrences, and studies certain inequalities, as well as information about subword occurrence sufficient to determine the whole word uniquely.
Journal ArticleDOI

Balance and Abelian complexity of the Tribonacci word

TL;DR: The Abelian complexity @r(n) of the Tribonacci word t which is the unique fixed point of @t is studied, it is shown that @r (n)@?{3,4,5,6,7} for each n>=1, and the word combinatorial properties of the generating morphism @t are exploited.
References
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BookDOI

Handbook of Formal Languages

TL;DR: This first handbook of formal languages gives a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of all important aspects and subareas of the field.
Journal ArticleDOI

On Context-Free Languages

TL;DR: In this report, certain properties of context-free (CF or type 2) Grammars are investigated, like that of Chomsky, and it is shown that this type of grammar is essentially stronger than type 2 grammars and has the advantage over type 1 grammARS that the phrase structure of a grammatical sentence is unique, once the derivation is given.
Journal ArticleDOI

Some Decision Problems Concerning Semilinearity and Commutation

TL;DR: If the languages defined by M are effectively semilinear, then so are the languagesdefined by Mc, and, hence, their emptiness problem is decidable, and this work proves a surprising undecidability result for commutation of languages.
Journal ArticleDOI

A characterization of poly-slender context-free languages

TL;DR: It is given that a language L is k -poly-slender if the number of words of length n in L is of order ${\cal O}.
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