Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive strategies in natural populations of Drosophila : Ethanol tolerance, desiccation resistance, and development times in climatically optimal and extreme environments.
TLDR
The utilization of a diversity of resources is a feature of populations tending somewhat towards a K-strategy; this is emphasized by the relative heterogeneity among isofemale strains of these populations for desiccation resistance and to a lesser extent development times.Abstract:
Adult tolerance of ethanol vapour in a closed system containing 12% ethanol in solution, decreases in a cline from southern to northern Australia. However a Darwin population is more tolerant than predicted from its latitude. Ethanol tolerance races in Australia have almost certainly evolved within the last 100-150 years, because of resource unavailability prior to that time. Within populations, variation among isofemale strains is lowest in the climatically extreme southern Melbourne (37°S) and northern Darwin and Melville I. (11-12°S) populations. This suggests low resource diversity within extreme populations compared with the climatically less extreme Brisbane (28°S) and especially Townsville (19°S) populations. For desiccation resistance, the population rankings are: Darwin Melbourne > Townsville > Brisbane Melville I. and for development time, rankings are similar: Darwin Melbourne < Townsville < Brisbane Melville I.Therefore resource utilization heterogeneity is greatest in populations not greatly stressed by desiccation and where development times are extended. In total therefore, the utilization of a diversity of resources is a feature of populations tending somewhat towards a K-strategy; this is emphasized by the relative heterogeneity among isofemale strains of these populations for desiccation resistance and to a lesser extent development times.The D. melanogaster gene pool can be viewed as made up of climate-associated races. Since the ethanol tolerances of adjacent (and climatically similar) Darwin and Melville I. are very different, resource utilization races may occur within climatic races. Such a mosaic of resource utilization races are more likely in climatically extreme than in optimal habitats.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Theory of Island Biogeography
TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring links between physiology and ecology at macro-scales : the role of respiratory metabolism in insects
Steven L. Chown,Kevin J. Gaston +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that physiological investigations of species tolerances are important in the context of macroecology, especially species distributional patterns and the possible impact of climate change thereon, and cautioned that relationships between abiotic variables, species tolerance, and distributional ranges may be non‐linear and subject to considerable modification by the presence of other species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Desiccation and starvation resistance in Drosophila: patterns of variation at the species, population and intrapopulation levels
TL;DR: Drosophila studies have investigated variation in desiccation and starvation resistance, providing an opportunity to test for consistent patterns of direct and correlated responses across studies and across the species and population levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
An integrated approach to environmental stress tolerance and life-history variation: desiccation tolerance in Drosophila
Ary A. Hoffmann,Peter A. Parsons +1 more
TL;DR: The availability of metabolic energy provides a general measure of the environmental stress that can be tolerated by organisms, leading to the hypothesis that increased tolerance to a range of environmental stresses will be associated with a reduction in metabolic rate in Drosophila and many other organisms.
Book ChapterDOI
The alcohol-dehydrogenase polymorphism in drosophila-melanogaster - selection at an enzyme locus
TL;DR: The first estimates of the extent of enzyme polymorphisms in populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura and humans based on electrophoresis of proteins were soon followed by many others, covering a wide range of animal and plant species, and showed that most species are highly polymorphic.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Theory of Island Biogeography
TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
Book
The Theory of Island Biogeography
TL;DR: The Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201
Journal ArticleDOI
The Limiting Similarity, Convergence, and Divergence of Coexisting Species
TL;DR: The total number of species is proportional to the total range of the environment divided by the niche breadth of the species, which is reduced by unequal abundance of resources but increased by adding to the dimensionality of the niche.
Book
The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change
TL;DR: A new book that many people really want to read will you be one of them? Of course, you should be as discussed by the authors, even some people think that reading is a hard to do, you must be sure that you can do it.
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