Journal ArticleDOI
Argumentation schemes and enthymemes
Douglas Walton,Chris Reed +1 more
TLDR
Studying selected cases of incomplete arguments in natural language discourse to see what the requirements are for filling in the unstated premises and conclusions in some systematic and useful way shows this approach to work reasonably well for weak arguments.Abstract:
The aim of this investigation is to explore the role of argumentation schemes in enthymeme reconstruction. This aim is pursued by studying selected cases of incomplete arguments in natural language discourse to see what the requirements are for filling in the unstated premises and conclusions in some systematic and useful way. Some of these cases are best handled using deductive tools, while others respond best to an analysis based on defeasible argumentations schemes. The approach is also shown to work reasonably well for weak arguments, a class of arguments that has always been difficult to analyze without the principle of charity producing a straw man.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Araucaria: software for argument analysis, diagramming and representation
Chris Reed,Glenn Rowe +1 more
TL;DR: Araucaria aims to be of use not only in pedagogical situations, but also in support of research activity, and has been designed from the outset to handle more advanced argumentation theoretic concepts such as schemes, which capture stereotypical patterns of reasoning.
Book
Informal Logic: A Pragmatic Approach
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an argumentation as reasoned dialogue with questions and answers in dialogue and arguments to emotion, bias, and fallacies, and personal attack in argumentation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards a Formal and Implemented Model of Argumentation Schemes in Agent Communication
Chris Reed,Doug Walton +1 more
TL;DR: The formal, representational and implementational details are presented here, along with results that demonstrate not only advantages of flexibility, scope, and knowledge sharing, but also of computational efficiency.
Proceedings Article
The Carneades Argumentation FrameworkUsing Presumptions and Exceptions to Model Critical Questions
Thomas F. Gordon,Douglas Walton +1 more
TL;DR: A formal, mathematical model of argument structure and evaluation, called the Carneades Argumentation Framework, is presented, which applies proof standards to determine the defensibility of arguments and the acceptability of statements on an issue-by-issue basis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A logic for default reasoning
TL;DR: This paper proposes a logic for default reasoning, develops a complete proof theory and shows how to interface it with a top down resolution theorem prover, and provides criteria under which the revision of derived beliefs must be effected.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rhetorical Structure Theory : Toward a Functional Theory of Text Organization
TL;DR: Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) as mentioned in this paper is a descriptive theory of a major aspect of the organization of natural text, which is a linguistically useful method for describing natural texts, characterizing their Structure primarily in terms of relations that hold between parts of the text.
Journal ArticleDOI
CYC: a large-scale investment in knowledge infrastructure
TL;DR: The fundamental assumptions of doing such a large-scale project are examined, the technical lessons learned by the developers are reviewed, and the range of applications that are or soon will be enabled by the technology is surveyed.
Book
The development of logic
William Kneale,Martha Kneale +1 more
TL;DR: The primary purpose of this book has not been to recount all that past scholars have said about the science, but rather to record the first appearances of those ideas which seem most important in the logic of our own day as discussed by the authors.
Book
Argumentation Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning
TL;DR: The Argumentation Schemes of as mentioned in this paper are: Argumentation from Ignorance. Argument from Consequences. Presumptive Reasoning. Ignoring Qualifications and ignoring Qualifications.