Reference EntryDOI
Aromatic Hydrocarbons—Benzene and Other Alkylbenzenes
TLDR
The simplest single-ring aromatic hydrocarbon compound is benzene, the nonsubstituted ring system When one methyl group is attached to the ring, toluene is formed, and with two attached methyl groups, xylene is formed Xylene occurs in three isomeric forms The hemimellitines and mesitylenes possess three methyl groups each, durene four, and the penta- and hexamethylbenzenes, five and six methyl groups respectively Other industrially important compounds are ethylbenzene and isopropylbenAbstract:
Benzene and its alkyl derivatives are monocyclic aromatic compounds (arenes) The compounds are of considerable economic importance as industrial raw materials, solvents, and components of innumerable commercial and consumer products The aromatics differ vastly in chemical, physical, and biologic characteristics from the aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons The aromatics are more toxic to humans and other mammals; of prime importance are (1) the hematopoietic toxicity of benzene resulting in aplastic anemia in humans and other mammalian species, (2) benzene-induced leukemia in humans, and (3) the cerebellar lesions and loss of central nervous system (CNS) integrative functions in “glue sniffers” exposed to high levels of toluene
The simplest single-ring aromatic hydrocarbon compound is benzene, the nonsubstituted ring system When one methyl group is attached to the ring, toluene is formed, and with two attached methyl groups, xylene is formed Xylene occurs in three isomeric forms The hemimellitines and mesitylenes possess three methyl groups, durene four, and the penta- and hexamethylbenzenes, five and six methyl groups, respectively Other industrially important compounds are ethylbenzene and isopropylbenzene or cumene
Keywords:
Aromatic hydrocarbons;
benzene;
alkylbenzenes;
Environmental impactread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Early Liver and Kidney Dysfunction Associated with Occupational Exposure to Sub-Threshold Limit Value Levels of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes in Unleaded Petrol.
TL;DR: Evidence of subtle, subclinical and prepathologic early liver and kidney dysfunction was evident in exposed individuals, and the average exposure of petrol station workers to BTX did not exceed the current threshold limit values (TLVs) for these chemicals.
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Studies on the utilization of hydrocarbons by microorganisms,1.
TL;DR: In this article, several strains were found to produce a large amount of cumic acid from p-cymene, including S449B1, B2, B3, B4 and B6.
BookDOI
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 12
TL;DR: In 1998, the National Advisory Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals (NAC-AEGL) as discussed by the authors reviewed the NRC guideline reports for more than 270 airborne hazardous substances (EHSs) and provided the scientifically valid conclusions that were based on the data reviewed by NAC and consistent with the guideline reports.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volatile organic compounds and odor emissions from veneered particleboards coated with water-based lacquer detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on identifying odorant compounds and exploring the potential influence of environmental factors on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odor emissions from veneered particleboards coated with lacquer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Absence of Carcinogenic Activity in Fischer Rats and B6C3F1 Mice Following 103-Week Inhalation Exposures to Toluene
TL;DR: Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of toluene were conducted by whole-body inhalation exposures of F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice of each sex for 15 months or two years, finding no biologically important increase was observed for any nonneoplastic or neoplastic lesion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Benzene and leukemia. An epidemiologic risk assessment.
Robert A. Rinsky,Alexander B. Smith,Richard W. Hornung,Thomas G. Filloon,Ronald J. Young,Andrea H. Okun,Philip J. Landrigan +6 more
TL;DR: Using actual air sampling data to estimate individual exposures represents a marked improvement over these previous attempts and emphasizes the importance of conducting industrial hygiene surveys and maintaining historical exposure records.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by microorganisms. I. Enzymatic formation of catechol from benzene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Odor thresholds and irritation levels of several chemical substances: a review
TL;DR: Data from this collation can assist the industrial hygienist in determining when an "odor" may be in excess of the Threshold Limit Value, when an organic vapor respirator is not acceptable due to the lack of an odor warning at the end of a cartridge life.
Journal ArticleDOI
Range-Finding Toxicity Data: List VII
TL;DR: In this article, acute toxicity and irritation data on about 200 compounds are presented, accumulated in a continuing program for screening potential commercial products, and the authors present a detailed discussion of the results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leukemia in benzene workers.
TL;DR: Reconstruction of past exposures to benzene at the two locations indicates that in some areas of the plant airborne benzene concentrations rose occasionally to several hundred parts per million (ppm), but that for the most part, employee eight-hour time-weighted averages (TWA) fell within the limits considered permissible at the time of exposure.