Journal ArticleDOI
Authors as citers over time
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The study explains how to retrieve citation identities from the Institute for Scientific Information's files on Dialog and how to deal with idiosyncrasies of these files.Abstract:
This study explores the tendency of authors to recite themselves and others in multiple works over time, using the insights gained to build citation theory. The set of all authors whom an author cites is defined as that author's citation identity. The study explains how to retrieve citation identities from the Institute for Scientific Information's files on Dialog and how to deal with idiosyncrasies of these files. As the author's oeuvre grows, the identity takes the form of a core-and-scatter distribution that may be divided into authors cited only once (unicitations) and authors cited at least twice (recitations). The latter group, especially those recited most frequently, are interpretable as symbols of a citer's main substantive concerns. As illustrated by the top recitees of eight information scientists (Marcia J. Bates, Christine L. Borgman, William S. Cooper, Michael H. MacRoberts, Henry Small, Karen Sparck Jones, Don R. Swanson, Patrick Wilson), identities are intelligible, individualized, and wide-ranging. They are ego-centered without being egotistical. They are often affected by social ties between citers and citees, but the universal motivator seems to be the perceived relevance of the citees' works. Citing styles in identities differ: scientific-paper style authors recite heavily, adding to core; bibliographic-essay style authors are heavy on unicitations, adding to scatter; literature-review style authors do both at once. Identities distill aspects of citers' intellectual lives, such as orienting figures, interdisciplinary interests, bidisciplinary careers, and conduct in controversies. They can also be related to past schemes for classifying citations in categories such as positive-negative and perfunctory-organic; indeed, one author's frequent recitation of another, whether positive or negative, may be the readiest indicator of an organic relation between them. The shape of the core-and-scatter distribution of names in identities can be explained by the principle of least effort. Citers economize on effort by frequently reciting only a relatively small core of names in their identities. They also economize by frequent use of perfunctory citations, which require relatively little context, and infrequent use of negative citations, which require contexts more laborious to set.read more
Citations
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Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs and Behavior
Donald O. Case,Lisa M. Given +1 more
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What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior
Lutz Bornmann,Hans-Dieter Daniel +1 more
TL;DR: The general tendency of the results of the empirical studies makes it clear that citing behavior is not motivated solely by the wish to acknowledge intellectual and cognitive influences of colleague scientists, since the individual studies reveal also other, in part non‐scientific, factors that play a part in the decision to cite.
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Scholarly Communication and Bibliometrics
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References
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Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life
Journal ArticleDOI
Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life
Steven Shapin,Simon Schaffer +1 more
TL;DR: In the aftermath of the English Civil War, as people were groping for new forms of political order, Robert Boyle built an air-pump to do experiments and argued that facts should be manufactured by machines like the airpump so that gentlemen could witness the experiments and produce knowledge that everyone agreed on as mentioned in this paper.
Information needs and uses
Brenda Dervin,Michael S. Nilan +1 more
TL;DR: Etude de synthese sur les besoins d'information et les utilisateurs, menee a partir d'une revue de la litterature parue depuis 1978 as mentioned in this paper.
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Visualizing a discipline: an author co-citation analysis of information science, 1972–1995
TL;DR: This study presents an extensive domain analysis of a discipline—information science—in terms of its authors, revealing the disciplinary and institutional affiliations of contributors to information science, and evidence on the general nature and state of integration of information science.
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The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comparative history of Intellectual Communities in Asia and Europe, focusing on the role of personal ties in the formation of intellectual networks and the importance of personal connections.
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