Background gamma terrestrial dose rate in Nigerian functional coal mines

TLDR: Results indicate that the indoor background gamma radiation is comparable for both mining environments, and the outdoor gamma dose rates appear to be generally lower at the Okaba open cast mine than at Okpara.

Abstract: Measurements of the background terrestrial gamma radiation dose rates at different indoor and outdoor locations on the surfaces of Okpara underground and Okaba open cast mines in Nigeria were made. Two duly calibrated low-level gamma survey metres were held 1 m above the ground surface for these measurements. Measurements were also made at various locations inside the mine tunnel at the Okpara mine. Results indicate that the indoor background gamma radiation is comparable for both mining environments. The mean outdoor gamma dose rate determined for the Okaba mining environment is 10.4 nGy h - 1 as against 11.7 nGy h - 1 for Okpara. The ranges are 8.5-16.5 nGy h - 1 for the Okpara measurements and 7.5-14.0 nGy h - 1 for Okaba. Thus, the outdoor gamma dose rates appear to be generally lower at the Okaba open cast mine than at Okpara. The indoor dose rate values range from 11.0 to 17.0 nGy h - 1 in both environments. These indoor measurements have nearly the same mean values 14.4 and 14.5 nGy h - 1 for Okpara and Okaba environments, respectively. The indoor to outdoor dose rate ratio is 1.2 for Okpara and 1.4 for Okaba. These values are in consonance with the corresponding ratio given in literature. Dose rate measurements inside the mine tunnel at the Okpara mine are higher than the surface indoor measurements ranging from 13.5 to 20.5 nGy h - 1 with a mean of 16.5 nGy h - 1 . The higher dose rate values measured in the mine tunnel are attributable to the concentration of radon in the 'closed' environment of the mine tunnel.