Bacteria-shaped Gymnoplasts (Protoplasts) of Bacillus subtilis
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TLDR
Gymnoplasts or protoplasts, produced from bacilli exposed to low p H values, were found not to conform to the formulations on “protoplasts” given in 1958 by 13 authors.Abstract:
Addition of glucose to the medium in which Bacillus subtilis was grown lowered the p H and increased the amount of lysylphosphatidylglycerol relative to the phosphatidylglycerol content of the membrane fraction. This change in phospholipid composition was accompanied by changes in the shape and behavior of the gymnoplasts obtained by cell wall removal with lysozyme. These gymnoplasts appeared to retain most of their original cell shape and internal organization, often with preservation of the mesosomes. Cells harvested from neutral growth medium gave the usual spherical gymnoplasts. In a hypotonic medium, the spherical gymnoplasts lysed rapidly, whereas the rod-like gymnoplasts lost only part of their cell content while showing a tendency to preserve the original shape. This type of gymnoplast could not be produced from cells grown in neutral medium by simply raising the magnesium concentration. When this was done the gymnoplasts assumed bizarre shapes; they became compact and susceptible to the tonicity of the medium. Gymnoplasts or protoplasts, produced from bacilli exposed to low p H values, were found not to conform to the formulations on “protoplasts” given in 1958 by 13 authors. Cells exposed to a low environmental p H during growth seemed to possess a more rigid membrane structure than cells grown at neutral p H. Imagesread more
Citations
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Phospholipid Composition of Bacillus subtilis
TL;DR: The shape and the osmotic susceptibility of the protoplasts of this organism appeared to depend on the growth conditions, and the presence of a more rigid membranous structure in cells which have been exposed to a low environmental pH during growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tuning the properties of the bacterial membrane with aminoacylated phosphatidylglycerol.
TL;DR: The known biochemical properties of aa-PGSs, their specificity for aa‐tRNAs and phospholipids, and the growing repertoire of a a used as substrates by these enzymes are described.
References
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Association of the nucleus and the membrane of bacteria: a morphological study.
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Electron microscope study of the relationship between mesosome loss and the stable l state (or protoplast state) in bacillus subtilis.
A. Ryter,Otto E. Landman +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown by means of electron microscopy of thin sections that protoplasts and L forms do not contain mesosomes and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-membrane attachment may play a role in the control of DNA replication.
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Fate of the mesosomes of bacillus megaterium during protoplasting
TL;DR: By lysozyme digestion of partially fixed cells, the empty mesosome pockets in the membrane can be demonstrated in rod-shaped protoplasts.
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