Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular dynamics and adrenergic responses of the rainbow trout in vivo.
Chris M. Wood,Graham Shelton +1 more
TLDR
The cardiac response reflected a varying balance between a direct beta-stimulatory effect of adrenaline on Q and an indirect passive inhibition of Q by the increase in peripheral resistance, both effects were mediated through changes in stroke volume.Abstract:
Cardiac output and dorsal aorta, ventral aorta, caudal artery, caudal vein, and subintestinal vein pressures have been directly measured in intact unanaesthetized trout. Cardiac output (Q) averaged 36.7 ml/kg.min. The pressure drop across the systemic vascular resistance (Rs) was approximately twice that across the gill resistance (Rg), and a significant positive pressure persisted in the venous system. alpha-Adrenergic blockade revealed a considerable endogenous vasomotor tone resulting from latent adrenergic constriction of Rs. Intravenous adrenaline caused a pressor response throughout the circulatory system which has been analysed in detail with the aid of previous studies on isolated parts of the trout circulation. The complex and variable form of the pressor response reflected differential contributions from changes in Q, Rg, and Rs. Increases in Rs (alpha-receptor activation) were the principal cause of all pressor responses. Rg usually declined slightly due to passive dilation and/or beta-receptor stimulation, but occasionally increased due to alpha-receptor activation. The cardiac response reflected a varying balance between a direct beta-stimulatory effect of adrenaline on Q and an indirect passive inhibition of Q by the increase in peripheral resistance. Both effects were mediated through changes in stroke volume. Occasional tachycardia or more frequent reflex bradycardia were minor components of the cardiac response. The in vivo actions of other adrenergic agents have been similarly analysed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Toxicity of select beta adrenergic receptor-blocking pharmaceuticals (B-blockers) on aquatic organisms.
TL;DR: Based on this study and the expected aqueous environmental exposure levels, adverse effects of propranolol to invertebrate populations is unlikely; however, further reproductive studies are need to elucidate the risk to teleosts.
Journal ArticleDOI
DISTURBANCES IN HAEMATOLOGY, FLUID VOLUME DISTRIBUTION AND CIRCULATORY FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH LOW ENVIRONMENTAL pH IN THE RAINBOW TROUT, SALMO GAIRDNERI
C. Louise Milligan,Chris M. Wood +1 more
TL;DR: Exposure of adult rainbow trout to low pH for 3 days resulted in progressive increases in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and haematocrit, which revealed an adrenergic component to the cardiovascular disturbance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of catecholamines in erythrocyte pH regulation and oxygen transport in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during exercise.
TL;DR: Catecholamines play an important role in maintaining oxygen transport to aerobic muscles, following burst swimming and the associated acidotic conditions, and are concluded to be responsible for the increase in erythrocytic pH.
Book ChapterDOI
1 - The Heart
TL;DR: This chapter discusses different aspects of the cardiac anatomy, morphology, and physiology of fish, including the fish heart, which is a four-chambered organ contained within a pericardial sac.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking pharmaceuticals in united states wastewater effluent
TL;DR: This study indicates that beta-Blockers are present in United States wastewater effluent in the ng/l to microg/l range.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Primary and Secondary Effects of Stress in Fish: Some New Data with a General Review
TL;DR: Handling in fish induces perturbations of various biological parameters which have been investigated or reviewed in an attempt to analyse and quantify the resulting stress, and all types of stress result in an increase in circulating catecholamines, mainly adrenaline.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological Salines for Fresh-Water Teleosts
TL;DR: The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 135-140 as mentioned in this paper, is the first publication of this article. Physiological Salines for Fresh-Water Teleosts
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of hypoxia upon the partial pressure of gases in the blood and water afferent and efferent to the gills of rainbow trout
TL;DR: The ability of the fish to withstand Hypoxia was related to the oxygen capacity of the blood, which was on average 9 vol%.
Journal ArticleDOI
The oxygen transport system in trout (salmo gairdneri) during sustained exercise
Joe W. Kiceniuk,David R. Jones +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the capabilities of the oxygen transport system of rainbow trout in supplying the increased oxygen demands in exercise, in a water tunnel at 9-10.5 °C, by increasing the velocity of water flow, with a 1 h period between increments, up to the maximum swimming speed (critical velocity, U crit ).
Journal ArticleDOI
Catecholamine and Carbohydrate Concentrations in Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Relation to Physical Disturbance
T. Nakano,N. Tomlinson +1 more
TL;DR: In rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) blood plasma concentrations of adrenaline (AD) and noradrenaline (NAD), and liver and heart concentrations of AD increased in response to severe physical disturbance, and skeletal muscle and anterior kidney concentrations ofAD did not change detectably.
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The oxygen transport system in trout (salmo gairdneri) during sustained exercise
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