Diagnosis and Management of Urachal Anomalies in Children

TLDR: Congenital urachal anomalies are present in less than 2 % of the general pediatric population and while traditionally thought of as pre-malignant, their clinical significance particularly in the asymptomatic patient has been questioned.

Abstract: Congenital urachal anomalies are present in less than 2 % of the general pediatric population. While traditionally thought of as pre-malignant, their clinical significance particularly in the asymptomatic patient has been questioned. The presence of a urachal anomaly in childhood does not appear to confer an increased risk of urachal cancer in adulthood. These remnants are classified based upon their anatomic location and communication with either the umbilicus or bladder and may present with a variety of symptoms. When clinical signs and symptoms suggest the presence of an urachal anomaly, ultrasonography is the most appropriate initial diagnostic imaging test. Observation with or without follow-up imaging is an acceptable initial step in management as these often regress without surgical intervention particularly in asymptomatic patients. When infectious symptoms are present, a course of antibiotics may be recommended prior to surgery to reduce the chance of postoperative wound infection.