Journal ArticleDOI
Diplomacy by Decree: The Legalization of EU Foreign Policy
TLDR
In this article, the authors explain why legalization is an important aspect of European foreign policy, how legalization has taken place, and the impact of legalization on the evolution of EU foreign policy.Abstract:
One of the unique features of European integration involves the creation of a constitutional order for the European Union (EU). This order clearly governs many aspects of EU Member State economic and social policies, yet its impact on European foreign policy is less well understood. Although most Member States resist the legalization of their foreign policy co-operation, this policy domain has in fact become more legal, and in ways that have been neglected by most theorists of European integration and international law. To address these gaps in our understanding, this article explains (1) why legalization is an important aspect of European foreign policy; (2) how legalization has taken place; and (3) the impact of legalization on the evolution of EU foreign policy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Institutionalization, Policy Adaptation and European Foreign Policy Cooperation
TL;DR: The expansion of European Union (EU) foreign policy cooperation since 1970 presents a number of puzzles for theorists of regional integration and International Relations as mentioned in this paper, which is not directed by supranational organizations, does not involve bargaining over policy alternatives, and is not dominated by the largest EU states.
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Toward a theory of EU foreign policy-making: multi-level governance, domestic politics, and national adaptation to Europe's common foreign and security policy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between institutional development and the multi-level governance of EU foreign policy, as represented by the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), and explore how the interaction of domestic politics and governance mechanisms produces specific policy outcomes.
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Who Is Punished? Regional Intergovernmental Organizations and the Enforcement of Democratic Norms
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theoretical framework for understanding variation in multilateral norm enforcement and identify two obstacles to enforcement: the presence of competing geopolitical interests and uncertainty about the nature and scope of norm violations.
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Re-Thinking European Security Interests and the ESDP: Explaining the EU's Anti-Piracy Operation
Basil Germond,Michael S. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: In 2003, the European Union began to launch a variety of foreign security operations under the rubric of its European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) as mentioned in this paper, under the name of European Common Foreign Policy (ECFP).
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International Relations Theory and the Rise of European Foreign and Security Policy
Ulrich Krotz,Richard Maher +1 more
TL;DR: The historical rise of European foreign, security, and defense policy marks an important development in European politics and world politics more broadly as discussed by the authors, and scholars from diverse theoretical and intellectual backgrounds have argued that European integration in these policy areas has gained considerable substance.