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Patent

Directional short circuit detection system and method

Akira Iijima
TLDR
In this article, the exact position of a short along a conductor, even if the conductor is co-located with other conductors, even conductors connected to low resistance loads, is precisely located.
Abstract
A unique system has been provided to precisely locate the exact position of a short along a conductor, even if the conductor is co-located with other conductors, even conductors connected to low resistance loads. A combination of low frequency test pulse signals, at low duty cycles, and the use of a directional sensor made with shields, account for accuracy and reliability of the system. The shields are arranged to optimally shield and direct signals at the transmitter test signal frequency. The shields also acts to place the shorted wire an optimal distance from the sensor. A method of short circuit location, using the direction sensor of the above-mentioned detection system, is also provided.

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Citations
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References
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Patent

Method and apparatus for determining the direction of a fault on a power transmission line

TL;DR: In this paper, a relay and method for monitoring at least one A.C. power transmission line to determine the position of a fault on the line with respect to a measurement location thereon is presented.
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Loop fault locater

TL;DR: In this paper, the phase angle of the complex input impedance of a telephone cable pair is measured periodically across a predetermined frequency band to produce a periodic time function and the power spectrum of this function is determined and the frequencies of the spectrum maxima are used to estimate the distances to all of the faults from the measurement point.
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Apparatus and method for locating ground faults

TL;DR: In this paper, a low frequency current generator having a variable output, a Hall-effect current probe for detecting the low-frequency current produced by the generator, a filter and amplifier connected to the output of the Hall effect current probe to identify and amplify the low frequency signal and a read-out element connected to output of an amplifier to indicate the relative magnitude of the signal.
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Detector for locating underground cables and faults therein using high-powered electromagnet

Esa Paananen
TL;DR: In this article, an alternating magnetic field generated by high-powered electromagnet or a rotating magnet induces an indicator signal current in the wires of a cable to be examined at one or both ends of the cable, the indicator signal is monitored by means of a receiver connected to the cable wires.
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Cable test apparatus

James L. Cass
TL;DR: In this article, the phase angle resulting from the conductive and resistive portions of current flowing in the wires relative to the applied signal is determined, and the presence of a conductive pair of interest is determined to be at those locations where the measured phase angle is substantially identical.