Effects of gmelina arborea bark and azadirachta indica leaf powders on germination and seedling vigour of corchorus olitorius (jute mallow)
Habiba Maikudi Muhammed,Ibrahim Abubakar Sadiq Gudugi,Amina Rabe Musa,Aisha Hussaini,Zainab Jummai Kassim +4 more
- Vol. 26, pp 35-43
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TLDR
Azadirachta indica leaf powder is a much better and more effective organic amendment than Gmelina arborea bark powder and could be employed by Corchorus olitorius farmers to improve soil fertility and crop yield.Abstract:
Effects of plants extract powders is the application of these extracts is to improved and increase the germination, emergence of the seedlings. Efficacy of Gmelina arborea bark and Azadirachta indica leaf powders on the germination and seedling vigour of Corchorus olitorius (jute mallow) was evaluated. Top loam soil was collected from Agriculture Research farmland of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria and sterilized at 50 C for an hour. Gmelina arborea bark and Azadirachta indica leaf were obtained from Gmelina arborea and Azadirachta indica leaves were also collected from the farmland and pulverized into powder form. Two kilograms (2 kg) of sterile soil samples in twenty one (21) polythene bags were amended with Gmelina arborea bark powder and Azadirachta indica leaf powders at different concentrations (100 g, 150 g, and 200 g) each in triplicates. Soil samples contained in three of the polyethylene bags were left un-amended to serve as control. Corchorus olitorius seeds was procured from the harvested farmland and were planted and raised in each polythene bag for a period of twelve (12) weeks. Azadirachta indica leaf powder had a significant impact on the growth of Corchorus olitorius (shoot length = 26.52 cm; root collar diameter = 0.33 cm, number of leaves = 21) at p < 0.05 compared to the control group (20.60 cm, 0.24 cm and 16 respectively) and its effects improved with increase in concentration. Gmelina arborea bark powder also had a less significant impact on the plant growth parameters (6.45 cm, 0.14 cm and 9 respectively) compared to the control. Its effect decreased with increase in concentration. Azadirachta indica leaf powder is a much better and more effective organic amendment than Gmelina arborea bark powder and could be employed by Corchorus olitorius farmers to improve soil fertility and crop yield.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Extraction methods and applications of bioactive compounds from neem (Azadirachta indica): A mini-review
Samuel Lepe de Alba,Conrado García-González,Marcos A. Coronado Ortega,José Ramón Ayala Bautista,Gisela Montero Alpírez,Daniela G. L. Montes Núñez +5 more
TL;DR: The present work details the techniques for extracting compounds from different parts of neem, such as bark, husk seed, seed, seeds oil, tree, leaves, and flowers, and comments on the various applications, including medicinal, environmental, and veterinary of the neem-derived bioactive compounds, on the basis of a systematic documentary analysis from 2019 onwards.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Quality appraisal of White Spruce and White Pine seedling stock in nurseries.
TL;DR: Total seedling weight, shoot weight and root weight in grams on an oven dry basis, root collar diameter in millimeters, and height in centimeters were used to develop an integrated index of seedling quality.
Book ChapterDOI
Long-Term Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Fertility
Abstract: Common agricultural practices such as excessive use of agro-chemicals, deep tillage and luxury irrigation have degraded soils, polluted water resources and contaminated the atmosphere. There is increasing concern about interrelated environmental problems such as soil degradation, desertification, erosion, and accelerated greenhouse effects and climate change. The decline in organic matter content of many soils is becoming a major process of soil degradation, particularly in European semi-arid Mediterranean regions. Degraded soils are not fertile and thus cannot maintain sustainable production. At the same time, the production of urban and industrial organic waste materials is widespread. Therefore, strategies for recycling such organic waste in agriculture must be developed. Here, we review long-term experiments (3–60 years) on the effects of organic amendments used both for organic matter replenishment and to avoid the application of high levels of chemical fertilizers. The major points of our analysis are: (1) many effects, e.g. carbon sequestration in the soil and possible build-up of toxic elements, evolve slowly, so it is necessary to refer to long-term trials. (2) Repeated application of exogenous organic matter to cropland led to an improvement in soil biological functions. For instance, microbial biomass carbon increased by up to 100% using high-rate compost treatments, and enzymatic activity increased by 30% with sludge addition. (3) Long-lasting application of organic amendments increased organic carbon by up to 90% versus unfertilized soil, and up to 100% versus chemical fertilizer treatments. (4) Regular addition of organic residues, particularly the composted ones, increased soil physical fertility, mainly by improving aggregate stability and decreasing soil bulk density. (5) The best agronomic performance of compost is often obtained with the highest rates and frequency of applications. Furthermore, applying these strategies, there were additional beneficial effects such as the slow release of nitrogen fertilizer. (6) Crop yield increased by up to 250% by long-term applications of high rates of municipal solid waste compost. Stabilized organic amendments do not reduce the crop yield quality, but improve it. (7) Organic amendments play a positive role in climate change mitigation by soil carbon sequestration, the size of which is dependent on their type, the rates and the frequency of application. (8) There is no tangible evidence demonstrating negative impacts of heavy metals applied to soil, particularly when high-quality compost was used for long periods. (9) Repeated application of composted materials enhances soil organic nitrogen content by up to 90%, storing it for mineralization in future cropping seasons, often without inducing nitrate leaching to groundwater.
Journal ArticleDOI
Allelopathic effects of aqueous extract of leaves of parthenium hysterophorus l. on seed germination and seedling growth of some cultivated and wild herbaceous species
TL;DR: Leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus may be a source of natural weedicide against Ageratina adenophora which will help to control invasive plants and wild Asteraceae.
In vitro antioxidative acitivity of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach Leaves by DPPH scavenging assay
Gayatri Nahak,Rajani Kanta Sahu +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach belonging to family Meliaceae have been selected as potential antioxidant from plant source, and leaves were dried and extracted with different solvent systems namely water, ethanol and methanol.
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