Extraction de plusieurs pesticides d'echantillons de sol, de tissus vegetaux et d'air. Ce procede necessite de faibles quantites de solvant organique et supprime le nettoyage de l'extrait. Il est apparemment limite aux pesticides assez polaires, stables a la vapeur ou a la chaleur

The chlorinated cyclodiene heptachlor was granted US registration as an agricultural and domestic insecticide in 1952. Through the mid-1960s, it was primarily employed in soil applications against agricultural pests and termites (Gosselin et al. 1976; Murphy 1986). In 1962, Canada banned heptachlor as a seed treatment (McEwen and Stephenson 1979), while in Japan, the only accepted use for heptachlor was in termite control (IARC 1974). According to the FAO/WHO (1971), the relative worldwide use of heptachlor in 1970 was 5% in Africa, 5% in Canada and the US, 15% in Asia, 15% in South America, and 60% in Europe.

Extraction of Pesticides from Environmental Samples by Steam Distillation

Ecological toxicology and human health effects of heptachlor.

Volatile substances are generally present at low concentrations. Before such substances can be analyzed, they have to be extracted from the plant matrix. Different methods can be used for this purpose, for example steam distillation, solvent extraction, and simultaneous distillation-extraction. Nevertheless, these molecules are well known to be thermally sensitive and vulnerable to chemical changes. Losses of some volatile compounds, low extraction efficiency, degradation of unsaturated or ester compounds through thermal or hydrolytic effects and toxic solvent residue in the extract may be encountered using these extraction methods. These shortcomings have led to the consideration of the use of new green extraction techniques and procedures that may contribute to environmental preservation by reducing the use of solvents, fossil energy and generation of hazardous substances.

Extraction // Steam Distillation

The environmental hazard of the agricultural pesticide dieldrin for the earthwormEisenia fetida was experimentally determined in order to assess and quantify sublethal effects. We determined that the “non-toxic” dieldrin had a negative effect on cocoon production. An inverse relationship was found between the concentration of dieldrin in the environment and the number of hatchlings per cocoon. The hatchlings were also smaller than those from the controls.

Extraction of Pesticides from Environmental Samples by Steam Distillation

Citations

Ecological toxicology and human health effects of heptachlor.

Extraction // Steam Distillation

Influence of dieldrin on the reproduction of the earthwormEisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)

Dieldrin and growth and development of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta).

Organochlorine pesticide residues in herbal ayurvedic preparations.