Journal ArticleDOI
God in the Letter of James: Patron or Benefactor?
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In this article, the authors argue that the ancient system of patronage aids in illuminating the social situation of the letter of James and suggest that God is not understood as a substitute patron in James, but as an ideal benefactor, on whom the audience must rely.Abstract:
This article joins recent studies of the letter of James in arguing that the ancient system of patronage aids in illuminating the social situation of this short text. However, unlike other authors, I suggest that God is not understood as a substitute patron in James, but as an ideal benefactor, on whom the audience must rely. Building on the work of Stephan Joubert and others, the article first offers evidence that patronage and benefaction were understood as different relationships in parts of the Roman Empire. Subsequently it focuses on sections of James in which patronage is criticized and God is portrayed as a frank friend and benefactor, consistent with the image of the ideal benefactor in antiquity.read more
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Dissertation
Social values of heavenly society : the concepts of honor and identity in Paul's letter to Philippians
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of ABBREVIATIONS and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS of the authors of this chapter. But they do not specify the categories.
Dissertation
The soteriology of James in light of earlier Jewish Wisdom literature and the Gospel of Matthew
Journal ArticleDOI
Early Christian Representations of the Economy: Evidence from New Testament Texts
George Gotsis,Gerasimos Merianos +1 more
TL;DR: The authors provide an overview of economic issues that permeate certain aspects of the New Testament narrative world and suggest an alternative reading of some economic aspects of these texts; in so doing, they employ theories that advance a new understanding of the ancient economy.
Dissertation
Wisdom in James: An Argument for the Discourse Theme
TL;DR: Liu as discussed by the authors argued that wisdom is the discourse theme of the book of James through an analysis of the cohesive ties between James 3:13-18 and the rest of the discourses.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The First Urban Christians: The Social World of the Apostle Paul
Keith Bradley,Wayne A. Meeks +1 more
Book
Handbook of Literary Rhetoric: A Foundation for Literary Study
TL;DR: Lausberg's Handbook of Literary Rhetoric as mentioned in this paper is a standard reference work for all engaged in the study of literature and rhetoric and has been widely used as a reference book for many years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Images and ideologies : self-definition in the Hellenistic world
TL;DR: In this article, eighteen leading scholars discuss issues of liberty versus domination, appropriation versus accommodation, increasing diversity of citizen roles and the dress and gesture appropriate to them, and the accompanying religious and philosophical ferment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Ideal Benefactor and the Father Analogy in Greek and Roman Thought
TL;DR: Pater patriae as discussed by the authors is a common form of polite address between inferiors and superiors of free birth, not only between masters and slaves, and it gradually gained acceptance as an official title of the Emperor through the second century and advertised widely by the Severi.
Journal ArticleDOI
Problems in the History of Christian Friendship
TL;DR: The fourth century c.e. is especially abundant in materials pertaining to friendship, such as the oration Peri philias of Themistius and the concluding chapters of Saint Ambrose's De officiis ministrorum.