Journal ArticleDOI
Granulation, Phase Change, and Microstructure Kinetics of Phase Change. III
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TLDR
In this paper, a comprehensive description of the phenomena of phase change may be summarized in Phase Change, Grain Number and Microstructure Formulas or Diagrams, giving, respectively, the transformed volume, grain, and microstructure densities as a function of time, temperature, and other variables.Abstract:
The theory of the preceding papers is generalized and the notation simplified. A cluster of molecules in a stable phase surrounded by an unstable phase is itself unstable until a critical size is reached, though for statistical reasons a distribution of such clusters may exist. Beyond the critical size, the cluster tends to grow steadily. The designation ``nuclei'' or ``grains'' is used according as the clusters are below or above the critical size. It is shown that a comprehensive description of the phenomena of phase change may be summarized in Phase Change, Grain Number and Microstructure Formulas or Diagrams, giving, respectively, the transformed volume, grain, and microstructure densities as a function of time, temperature, and other variables. To facilitate the deduction of formulas for these densities the related densities of the ``extended'' grain population are introduced. The extended population is that system of interpenetrating volumes that would obtain if the grains granulated and grew through each other without mutual interference. The extended densities are much more readily derivable from an analysis of the fundamental processes of granulation and growth. It is shown that, under very general circumstances, the densities of the actual grain population may be expressed simply in terms of the extended population.read more
Citations
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In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Study on Isotactic Polypropylene Crystallization under the Coexistence of Shear Flow and Carbon Nanotubes
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Foaming of Poly(lactic acid) Based on Its Nonisothermal Crystallization Behavior under Compressed Carbon Dioxide
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Morphology, Crystallization Behavior, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Thermally Reduced Graphene Nanocomposites
Jinbing Zhang,Zhaobin Qiu +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a solution mixing method was used to obtain a fine dispersion of thermally reduced graphene (TRG) in poly(e-caprolactone) matrix.
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Solid phase crystallization of thin films of Si prepared by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermodynamic parameters of thin films of undoped amorphous Si prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Book ChapterDOI
Bread spoilage and staling
TL;DR: In this article, the factors that govern the rate of freshness loss in bread during storage are mainly divided into two groups; those attributed to microbial attack, and those that are result of a series of slow chemical or physical changes which lead to the progressive firming up of the crumb, commonly referred to as "staling".
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of Phase Change. I General Theory
TL;DR: In this paper, the theory of phase change is developed with the experimentally supported assumptions that the new phase is nucleated by germ nuclei which already exist in the old phase, and whose number can be altered by previous treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of Phase Change. II Transformation‐Time Relations for Random Distribution of Nuclei
TL;DR: In this article, a relation between the actual transformed volume V and a related extended volume V1 ex is derived upon statistical considerations, and a rough approximation to this relation is shown to lead, under the proper conditions, to the empirical formula of Austin and Rickett.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grand Partition Functions and So‐Called ``Thermodynamic Probability''
TL;DR: The relation due to Boltzmann between entropy and thermodynamic probability is enunciated in a precise form in this paper and generalized in such a way that each of the other thermodynamic potentials is related in a similar manner to a ''thermodynamic probability'' for which a more suitable name is a ''partition function''.