Chapter 1 Citrus Rootstocks for Improving the Horticultural Performance and Physiological Responses under Constraining Environments Rafael V Ribeiro, Erick Espinoza-Nunez, Jorgino Pompeu Junior, Francisco A A Mourao Filho and Eduardo C Machado Chapter 2 Role of Silicon in Enrichment of Plant Nutrients and Protection from Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Vijay Pratap Singh, Savita Gangwar, Sheo Mohan Prasad, Jagat Narayan Maurya and Devendra Kumar Chauhan Chapter 3 Transgenic Approaches for Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals Atul Bhargava and Shilpi Srivastava Chapter 4 Using an Allometric Model for the Accumulation of Mineral Nutrients in Crops Under Saline-Water Stress: A Field Experience in Fertigation Enrique Misle, Besma Kahlaoui, Estrella Garrido and Mohamed Hachicha Chapter 5 Control of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Cultivated Plants by the Use of Biostimulant Microorganisms Adriano Sofo, Maria Nuzzaci, Antonella Vitti, Giuseppe Tataranni and Antonio Scopa Chapter 6 Cyclic Nucleotides and Nucleotide Cyclases in Plants under Stress Malgorzata Pietrowska-Borek, Tamara Chadzinikolau and Slawomir Borek Chapter 7 Breeding and Transgenic Approaches for Development of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice Satendra K Mangrauthia, P Revathi, Surekha Agarwal, Arun Kumar Singh and V P Bhadana Chapter 8 Mineral Bioavailability Through Mutation Breeding In Pulse Crops: A Review Mohammad Imran Kozgar, Mohd Rafiq Wani, Samiullah Khan and Parvaiz Ahmad Chapter 9 Abiotic Stress and Control of Yield in Cereals Bhinu V-S Pillai and Sreekala Chellamma Chapter 10 Improvement of Crop Production under Saline Stress by a Bio-Hydraulic Approach Besma Kahlaoui, Mohamed Hachicha, Enrique Misle, Belgacem Hanchi and Jorge Teixeira Chapter 11 Induced Mutagenesis for the Improvement of Pulse Crops with Special Reference to Mungbean-A Review Update Mohd Rafiq Wani, M Imran Kozgar, Samiullah Khan, M Abbas Ahangar and Parvaiz Ahmad Chapter 12 Crop Improvement through Tissue Culture L F De Filippis Chapter 13 Agricultural Pollution: An Emerging Issue Aqsa Abbasi, Ayesha Sajid, Namra Haq, Sammia Rahman, Zujaja-Tul-Misbah, Gul Sanober, Muhammad Ashraf and Alvina Gul Kazi

Induced viable macromutants in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes

Induced phenotypic diversity in the mutagenized populations of faba bean using physical and chemical mutagenesis

A systematic and comparative study on the frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll mutations induced by ethylmethane sulphonate (EMS) — an alkylating agent, hydrazine hydrate (HZ) — a base analogue and sodium azide (SA) — a respiratory inhibitor, was carried out in two mungbean varieties, namely, PDM-11 and NM-1. Awide spectrum of chlorophyll mutants was obtained in the M2 generation. All these chlorophyll-deficient mutants were lethal except maculata, viridis and virescent. Chlorina followed by xantha types were predominant in both the varieties. EMS treatments induced the highest frequency of chlorophyll mutations followed by HZ and SA. The frequency of chlorophyll mutations was dose-dependent and increased with the mutagen concentration. Based on effectiveness in both varieties, the order of mutagens was HZ > SA > EMS. Two criteria viz., pollen sterility (Mp/S) and seedling injury (Mp/I) were taken into consideration to determine the efficiency of the mutagens. EMS was found to be the most efficient mutagen followed by HZ and SA. Moderate concentrations of the mutagens were the most effective and efficient in inducing mutations.

Induced chlorophyll mutations. I. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, HZ and SA in mungbean

Breeding of pulses, especially chickpea, by exploiting genetic diversity using conventional methods has been practiced in the past. Nevertheless, these methods at present are inadequate for making any significant breakthrough to handle the world’s ever-increasing food demand. In this bizarre scenario, induced mutations have emerged as big relief, and are largely exploited for developing improved high-yielding crop varieties and for discovering desired genes that control important agronomical traits. Gene mutation, leading to the quality advancement of well-adapted existing varieties, has been the pedestal for germplasm improvement. Pulses are more prone to biotic and abiotic stresses as compared to cereals. As a result, there is a serious need to develop such varieties having high resistance to the above-mentioned stresses. During the past eight and a half decades, around 3,139 improved crop varieties have been released globally derived either as direct mutants or from their progenies (http://mvgs.iaea.org). Vast numbers of these varieties like cereals, pulses , oil crops, root and tuber crops and ornamentals have been released in developing countries for cultivation, including India, resulting in massive economic impact. Lately, mutagenesis has received an immense impel for its use in a newfangled promising technique known as targeting induced local lesions in genomes. With the unfolding of novel biological fields such as genomics, functional genomics, bioinformatics and the emergence of other technologies based on these sciences, there has been an increased surge in induced mutations within the scientific community. The knowledge of functional and basic genetics of model legume crops will benefit chickpea breeders to comprehend that marker-assisted selection has great potential to develop biotic and abiotic stress -resistant varieties. The basic understanding of genes, which direct major agronomical traits, is essential for plant breeders to frame apposite approaches and execute them in breeding programmes for promising results. In this era, with growing human population, hunger ghosts are haunting millions of people all around. Under these circumstances, the salvaging step lies in tailoring better crop varieties embedded with superior proteins, minerals and high yield. Mutagenic agents, physical as well as chemical, are used to induce mutations and generate variations from which desired mutants may be selected. However, basic information vis-a-vis effectiveness of various mutagens and their possible role in generating polygenic variability is meagre among pulses in general and chickpea in particular. Hence, the present review condenses various facets of contemporary knowledge for pulse crop varietal improvement, particularly chickpea, through induced mutagenesis with special thrust on qualitative as well as yield-attributing traits.

Mutation Breeding: A Novel Technique for Genetic Improvement of Pulse Crops Particularly Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is an annual, aromatic herb having yellow flowers and native of Southern Europe and Asia (Khan and Musharaf, 2014). It grows erect to a height of 22.5 m and have hollow stem. The leaves of plant grow around 40 cm long and they are finely dissected with the ultimate segments filiform, about 0.5 mm wide. The flowers are arises in terminal compound umbels. The fruit is 4-10 mm long, dry seed, half as wide or less and groove. Mature fruit commonly known as seeds and have essential oil. It is also used as flavoring agents in food products such as liqueurs, bread, cheese and pharmaceutical and nutraceutical. Traditionally fennel is used as antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, secretomotor, secretolytic, galactagogue, eye lotion and antioxidant cure (Lucinewton et al., 2005). Besides this, fennel infusions are the traditional decoction for treatment to prevent flatulence and colic spasms (MimicaDuki ́c et al., 2003). In India, the total area under fennel is about 46760 ha, production 78570 tons and productivity is about 16.8 q/h (Spice Board India, 2015–16). It is cultivated throughout India at all altitudes up to 6,000 ft. Gujarat and Rajasthan are the main fennel International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 2448-2458 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

background

https://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/bitstream/123456789/29465/1/Gamma%20radiation%20effects%20seed%20germination%2c%20plant%20growth%20and%20yield.pdf

Induced viable macromutants in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)

Citations

Improvement of Crops in the Era of Climatic Changes

Induced phenotypic diversity in the mutagenized populations of faba bean using physical and chemical mutagenesis

Induced chlorophyll mutations. I. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of EMS, HZ and SA in mungbean

Mutation Breeding: A Novel Technique for Genetic Improvement of Pulse Crops Particularly Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)

Gamma radiation effects seed germination, plant growth and yield attributing characters of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)