Animals are sentient beings capable of many of the same feelings experienced by humans. They mourn a loss, they feel love and loyalty, and they experience fear. During wars and conflicts, fear is a prevailing emotion among humans, who worry for their well-being. Animals, too, feel fear during human conflicts, and that fear is magnified when those animals are caged. History has shown the victimization of zoo animals during military conflicts. Zoo animals already lack agency over their own lives, and in times of war, they are seen as a liability. From the Siege of Paris to recent Israel-Hamas conflicts in Gaza, zoo animals have been unwitting victims of manâ€™s inhumanity to man. Mahatma Gandhi once wrote, â€œThe greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.â€ If this sentiment is true, most nations have progressed little in the 150 years covered in this thesis.

/pdf/prisoners-in-war-zoos-and-zoo-animals-during-human-conflict-sydvpjd5jy.pdf

Japanese Wartime Zoo Policy

Prisoners in war: Zoos and zoo animals during human conflict 1870-1947

Introduction: The War Against Nonhuman Animals

Environments, states and societies at war

The colonial masters classified Indian subjects according to animalistic iconographies of rebel tiger or docile elephant. Even prior to the colonial imaginings, orientalist gaze associated elephant with the Indian geographical imagery. After decolonization, due to circumstantial necessities India, one of the biggest elephant suppliers to Europe, started to gift elephants to war-stricken zoos not as merchandize but as envoys of peace and goodwill. This subverted the long tradition of environmental domination. This article argues that Nehru’s elephant gift diplomacy utilized the long-standing orientalist iconography to practise India’s soft power. Apart from that he successfully incorporated a colonial icon and rebranded it as nation’s diplomatic emblem.

Nehru’s Elephant Envoys: Animal Modernity, Orientalist Gaze and India’s Soft Power

/pdf/creatures-of-myth-and-modernity-representations-of-shojo-in-32zwsygnwj.pdf

Japanese Wartime Zoo Policy

Citations

Prisoners in war: Zoos and zoo animals during human conflict 1870-1947

Introduction: The War Against Nonhuman Animals

Environments, states and societies at war

Nehru’s Elephant Envoys: Animal Modernity, Orientalist Gaze and India’s Soft Power

Creatures of Myth and Modernity: Representations of Shojo in the Meiji Era

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