A review is given on possibilities and methods to give approximative models of the water structure. It is shown that I.R. overtone methods give a conductive weater model which usefulness is demonstrated by calculated and described properties of: liquid water, aqueous solutions and aqueous systems like membranes or biologic cells.

Kann man anomales Wasser spektroskopisch in Kapillaren nachweisen

Zur Struktur des Wassers und wässeriger Systeme

A critical analysis is under taken of the problems associated with the polywater hypothesis and of the arguments pu t forward to refute it. A var ie ty of explanat ions of the observed phenomena have been offered, some diverging widely. The exper imenta l da ta published and the various a t t empts at e lucidat ion are not such as to enable final judgement to be passed on the proper in terpre ta t ion of the observed phenomena.

Zum Problem „Polywasser”

Infrared Spectra of Adsorbed Species

Chemical applications of spectroscopy

Polywater: Vibrational spectra indicate unique stable polymeric structure.

On ion-solvent interactions. part i. partial molal volumes of ions in aqueous solution1,2

A discussion of the performance characteristics of an infra-red microspectrometer is given in terms of the cross-sectional area and minimum volume, V, which can be observed with satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio. Methods of increasing the ratio of measured absorption to spectrometer noise are discussed and five ways are enumerated. It is pointed out that for a microscope objective of numerical aperture NAm associated with a spectrometer of numerical aperture NAs, the useful magnification is (NAm)/(NAs). The design of reflecting-type infra-red microscope objectives having numerical apertures up to 1.5 is described.A description of an experimental infra-red microspectrometer is given. Use is made of a commercial spectrometer and conversion from a micro to a macro instrument can be made in a few minutes. In the experimental arrangement no changes were introduced that affected the operation of the spectrometer as a macro instrument. Calculations indicate that by making use of other components now available, such as a hotter source and a smaller, more sensitive thermal detector, it will be possible to obtain infra-red spectral measurements of specimens whose linear dimensions approximate those set by diffraction.Examples of infra-red spectra of crystals, fibers, and tissues of microscopic area are shown. Comparisons of spectral data with those obtained for macro samples are made and an indication of the experimental limitations of the technique is given.