A class of isotope effects that alters isotope ratios on a mass-independent basis provides a tool for studying a wide range of processes in atmospheres of Earth and other planets as well as early processes in the solar nebula. The mechanism for the effect remains uncertain. Mass-independent isotopic compositions have been observed in O3, CO2, N2O, and CO in Earth's atmosphere and in carbonate from a martian meteorite, which suggests a role for mass-independent processes in the atmosphere of Mars. Observed mass-independent meteoritic oxygen and sulfur isotopic compositions may derive from chemical processes in the presolar nebula, and their distributions could provide insight into early solar system evolution.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/283/5400/341.full.pdf

Mario Vargas Llosa: El novelista como crítico

Mass-independent isotope effects in planetary atmospheres and the early solar system.

Measurements of the oxygen isotope ratios (18O/16O and 17O/16O) in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) from La Jolla, Pasadena, and the White Mountain Research Station (elevation, 3801 meters) in California and the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico show that N2O has a mass-independent composition. These data suggest the presence of a previously undefined atmospheric process. The La Jolla samples can be explained by a mixing between an atmospherically derived source of mass-independent N2O and biologically derived mass-dependent N2O. Possible origins of the mass-independent anomaly in N2O are discussed.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/278/5344/1774.full.pdf

The 18O/16O and 17O/16O Ratios in Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide: A Mass-Independent Anomaly

...................................................... v CHAPTER ONE POSTMODERNISM AND LATIN AMERICAN FICTION-... 1 TWO FLIRTING WITH POSTMODERNISM IN LOS RtOS PROFUNDOS AND LA CASA VERDE................... 26 THREE DENIAL AND DESPAIR IN TODAS LAS SANGRES AND EL HABLADOR................................. 75 FOUR CHAOS AND BEYOND IN EL ZORRO DE ARRIBA Y EL ZORRO DE ABAJO............................... 123 FIVE REDISCOVERING ORDER IN LITUMA EN LOS ANDES............................................. 157 SIX FROM THE POSTMODERN CONDITION TO THE HUMAN CONDITION..................................187 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................... 200 VITA............................................................ 213

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A Matter of Life and Death: Jose Maria Arguedas, Mario Vargas Llosa, and the Postmodern Condition.

\n The Amazonian region occupies a singular place in the fiction and nonfiction of the Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa. Author of paradigmatic novels on the Peruvian Amazon, Vargas Llosa nevertheless has repeatedly defended extensive exploitation of Amazonian natural resources—at the expense of Indigenous rights and environmental conservation—in his essays and political activities. This article discusses this conflict between Vargas Llosa's fictional and nonfictional work on the Amazon through the lens of a theory of fiction that emerges from his essays across decades and that suggests that the fictional text is independent from the referential reality it represents. By revisiting his novels and writings about fiction, this article argues that Vargas Llosa's belief in the autonomy of fiction from its referential reality explains, to a certain extent, how the fascination with the Amazon present in the author's novels coexists with his defense of drastic changes in the region through environmental exploitation and the acculturation of Indigenous populations. While Vargas Llosa's work enjoyed a positive reception in the 1960s, the nontransitive notion of mimesis he proposed has gradually taken on reactionary undertones in the context of changing expectations since the 1980s and 1990s.

The Rights of Nature, the Rights of Fiction: Mario Vargas Llosa and the Amazon

/pdf/metahistoria-nacional-y-metaficcion-biografica-en-historia-2abxxfhkxw.pdf

Mario Vargas Llosa: El novelista como crítico

Citations

Mass-independent isotope effects in planetary atmospheres and the early solar system.

The 18O/16O and 17O/16O Ratios in Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide: A Mass-Independent Anomaly

A Matter of Life and Death: Jose Maria Arguedas, Mario Vargas Llosa, and the Postmodern Condition.

The Rights of Nature, the Rights of Fiction: Mario Vargas Llosa and the Amazon

Metahistoria nacional y metaficcion biografica en "Historia de Mayta", de Mario Vargas Llosa