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On the Convergence of the Partial Least Squares Path Modeling Algorithm

TLDR
In this article, the authors present six cases of non-convergence of the PLS path modeling algorithm, and these cases were estimated using Mode A combined with the factorial scheme or the path weighting scheme.
Abstract
This paper adds to an important aspect of Partial Least Squares (PLS) path modeling, namely the convergence of the iterative PLS path modeling algorithm. Whilst conventional wisdom says that PLS always converges in practice, there is no formal proof for path models with more than two blocks of manifest variables. This paper presents six cases of non-convergence of the PLS path modeling algorithm. These cases were estimated using Mode A combined with the factorial scheme or the path weighting scheme, which are two popular options of the algorithm. As a conclusion, efforts to come to a proof of convergence under these schemes can be abandoned, and users of PLS should triangulate their estimation results.

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies

TL;DR: The current paper reviews four recent studies in the strategic management area which use PLS and notes that the technique has been applied inconsistently, and at times inappropriately, and suggests standards for evaluating future PLS applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

A Partial Least Squares Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Measuring Interaction Effects: Results from a Monte Carlo Simulation Study and an Electronic-Mail Emotion/Adoption Study

TL;DR: A new latent variable modeling approach is provided that can give more accurate estimates of interaction effects by accounting for the measurement error that attenuates the estimated relationships.
Journal ArticleDOI

A National Customer Satisfaction Barometer: The Swedish Experience:

TL;DR: Swedish companies and some industries monitor customer satisfaction on a continual basis, but Sweden is the first country to do so on a national level as mentioned in this paper. And the annual Customer Satisfaction Baro...
Journal ArticleDOI

An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research

TL;DR: An extensive search in the 30 top ranked marketing journals allowed us to identify 204 PLS-SEM applications published in a 30-year period (1981 to 2010), and a critical analysis of these articles addresses the following key methodological issues: reasons for using PLS, data and model characteristics, outer and inner model evaluations, and reporting.
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