Journal ArticleDOI
Opportunities to Express Preferences and Make Choices among Students with Severe Disabilities in Classroom Settings
TLDR
In this paper, classroom observations were made on staff and students with severe disabilities to record opportunities to express preferences and make choices, and the results indicated that, regardless of age level or setting, classroom staff responded at very low rates to student-initiated expressions of choice or preference.Abstract:
Classroom observations were made on staff and students with severe disabilities to record opportunities to express preferences and make choices. Included in the study were 48 staff members and 37 students located in public schools, institutions, and university demonstration sites. An observational code was used to record staff- and student-initiated expressions of preference and choice in structured and nonstructured classroom activities. Results indicated that, regardless of age level or setting, classroom staff responded at very low rates to student-initiated expressions of choice or preference and that staff-initiated opportunities for student expressions of choice or preference were significantly higher in the 0 to 5 age range. Additional findings indicated that staff and students used distinctly different response modalities to communicate. Results are discussed in relation to the development of communication and social skills, with implications for current educational practices, personnel training, ...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pivotal Response Intervention I: Overview of Approach
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of pivotal response interventions, focusing on identifying pivotal areas that, when changed, result in concomitant positive changes in other areas, including self-management and self-initiations.
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The effects of severe behavior problems in children on the teaching behavior of adults.
TL;DR: A study involving 12 adults asked to teach four pairs of children in which one member of the pair exhibited problem behavior and the other typically did not demonstrated that problem children displayed tantrums, aggression, and self-injury contingent on adult instructional attempts but not at other times, whereas nonproblem children showed little or no problem behavior at any time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of choice making on the serious problem behaviors of students with severe handicaps.
TL;DR: Assessment of the impact of choice making on the serious problem behaviors of 3 students with severe autism and/or mental retardation showed consistently reduced levels of problem behaviors when the students were given opportunities to make choices among instructional tasks and reinforcers.
Book
Self-determination across the life span : independence and choice for people with disabilities
TL;DR: This progressive resource presents vital information on the theoretical, developmental, and applied aspects of self-determination that are essential for professionals who provide support services or intervention as well as for parents and people with disabilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Balancing the right to habilitation with the right to personal liberties: the rights of people with developmental disabilities to eat too many doughnuts and take a nap
TL;DR: The advantages and disadvantages of allowing clients to exercise personal liberties, such as the right to choose and refuse daily activities, are examined.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: This paper examined the precursors and prerequisites in the pre-speech communicative acts of infants, including the mother's mode of interpreting the infant's communicative intent, the development of joint referential devices en route to deixis, the child's developing strategy for enlisting aid in joint activity, the transformation of topic-comment organization in prespeech to predication proper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concepts and Issues Related to Choice-Making and Autonomy among Persons with Severe Disabilities.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss issues related to concepts of preferences and choice-making among persons with severe disabilities, and make suggestions for acknowledging preferences, teaching choice as a decision-making process, and the broader implications of choice making as an expression of personal autonomy and dignity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The use of communication boards in a residential setting: an evaluation.
TL;DR: The authors present a method by which the spontaneous use of communication boards can be assessed as to actual functionality in meeting the students' communicative needs, and discuss the need to assess nonspeaking persons' use of augmentative systems outside the speech-language pathology setting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increasing Opportunities for Social Control by Children with Autism and Severe Handicaps: Effects on Student Behavior and Perceived Classroom Climate
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed the effects of an intervention package designed to increase the quality and quantity of opportunities for students with autism and severe handicaps to exercise and participate in extracurricular activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Choice on Leisure Participation for Persons with Severe Handicaps
John Dattilo,Frank R. Rusch +1 more
TL;DR: There was a difference between the students' behaviors during their participation in a chosen leisure activity and their behaviors during participation in the same activity without choice, according to a multiple baseline, single-subject design.
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