Patent
Pacemaker having independently programmable electrode configuration for pacing and sensing and method for operation thereof
TLDR
A pacemaker and a method of operation thereof are provided for configuring or operating a conventional pacemaker having a plurality of lead electrodes as mentioned in this paper. Each lead can be independently configured for any combination of unipolar or bipolar, pacing and sensing.Abstract:
A pacemaker and a method of operation thereof are provided for configuring or operating a conventional pacemaker having a plurality of lead electrodes. Each lead can be independently configured for any combination of unipolar or bipolar, pacing and sensing. During a pacing mode of operation, a selected return electrode is switchably connected to the most positive battery potential, V DD . The return electrode of the packemaker, can selectively be either the pacemaker case or one or more ring electrodes. During a fast discharge time period, which occurs immediately subsequent to the delivery of a pacing pulse, the return electrode is disconnected from V DD and connected to the proximal side of a coupling capacitor through which the pacing pulse has passed. Also during this fast discharge time period, the proximal side of the coupling capacitor is switchable connected to the most negative battery potential, V SS . During sensing, one input of the sensing amplifier is connected to either the tip electrode or the ring electrode. A second input of the sensing amplifier is switchably connected to the selected return electrode, either the case or the ring electrode. Sensing can therefore occur between tip electrode and ring electrode, tip electrode and case, or ring electrode and case. Furthermore, the case electrode is switchably connected to -0.5 volts during the sensing phase of operation.read more
Citations
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References
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Patent
Pacemaker system with automatic event-programmed switching between unipolar and bipolar operation
TL;DR: A pacemaker system consists of an implantable pacemaker and a plurality of electrodes, electrodes preferably being on a pacing lead for a single chamber pacemaker, or a pair of such leads for a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Patent
Pacer output circuit
TL;DR: Pacer output circuitry for providing biphasic stimulation pulses to heart tissue at a voltage twice the supply voltage was proposed in this article, where the circuit may be configured to sense the intracardiac electrogram in a unipolar or bipolar configuration.
Patent
Biphasic cardiac pacer
TL;DR: In this paper, a biphasic cardiac pacer is provided for detecting the evoked response from the heart after a stimulating pulse is applied, and a compensating pulse having an absolute amplitude smaller than the absolute amplitude of the stimulating pulse and having a duration that is longer than the duration of the stimulation pulse is provided.
Patent
Apparatus for reducing polarization potentials in a pacemaker
TL;DR: In this article, a pacemaker is used to attenuate polarization currents or voltages at the output terminals of the pulse generator, where a voltage source is coupled to the output capacitance during a first time interval for charging the output capacitor to a certain voltage.
Patent
Cardiac pacer having input/output circuit programmable for use with unipolar and bipolar pacer leads
TL;DR: An implantable cardiac pacer having atrial and ventricular electrodes includes an input/output circuit which can be programmed for use with either unipolar and bipolar pacer leads as discussed by the authors.