Patent
Pixel correction system and method for CMOS imagers
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TLDR
In this paper, a fault tolerant CMOS image sensor that includes circuitry for identifying defective pixels and masking them during image generation is presented, where the newly defective pixels so identified may then be masked to increase the CMOS detector lifetime.Abstract:
Disclosed is a fault tolerant CMOS image sensor that includes circuitry for identifying defective pixels and masking them during image generation. Masking may involve, in one example, replacing the output of a given pixel with an average of the output of surrounding non-faulty pixels. Thus, while image sensors may be fabricated with some number of faulty pixels, the images produced by such sensors will not have undesirable bright or dark spots. The disclosed sensor includes (a) one or more pixels (active or passive) capable of providing outputs indicative of a quantity of radiation to which each of the one or more pixels has been exposed; and (b) one or more circuit elements electrically coupled to the one or more pixels and configured to identify and correct faulty pixels in the CMOS imager. The one more pixels each include a photodiode diffusion formed in a well and a tap to power or ground also formed in the well. The disclosed sensor also identifies pixels that were initially acceptable but later became defective. The newly defective pixels so identified may then be masked to thereby increase the CMOS detector lifetime.read more
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Patent
Method and apparatus for pixel non-uniformity correction
TL;DR: An apparatus for reading and correcting an image including a sensor which receives light and converts it to electrical signals, a digitizing unit to convert the analog image signal to a digital signal, a calibration unit to capture calibration data for each pixel under known illumination conditions and to produce individual correction values for every pixel and a correction unit comprised of a look-up table addressed by both the digital image signal and the correction values which corrects the digital data as discussed by the authors.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
CMOS image sensors: electronic camera on a chip
TL;DR: Recent advancements in CMOS image sensor technology are reviewed, including both passive pixel sensors and active pixel sensors that permit realization of an electronic camera-on-a-chip.
Patent
Integrated sensor with frame memory and programmable resolution for light adaptive imaging
TL;DR: In this paper, an image sensor operable to vary the output spatial resolution according to a received light level while maintaining a desired signal-to-noise ratio is presented. But the authors do not consider the use of column integrators for uniform column-parallel signal summation.
Patent
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TL;DR: In this article, each photo site is provided with a correction value for offset and gain response based on measured light intensity value, which is stored in memory and logic is enabled to vary the correction values in accordance with a stored routine for shifting the stored correction value, or implementing a bad pixel routine.
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