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Planar metamaterials for control of electromagnetic wave guidance and radiation

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TLDR
A linear metamaterial comprises a transmission line, having a linear dimension, and is loaded with capacitors, and shunted with an inductor such that for an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength greater than the linear dimension and traveling along the axis of the transmission line is simultaneously negative as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract
A linear metamaterial comprises a transmission line, having a linear dimension, and is loaded with capacitors, and shunted with an inductor such that for an electromagnetic wave, having a wavelength greater than the linear dimension and traveling along the axis of the transmission line, the effective permeability and permittivity of the metamaterial are simultaneously negative. Applications for the metameterial are also disclosed.

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High efficiency directional coupler

TL;DR: In this paper, a circuit for processing radio frequency signals can be placed on a substrate where the circuit can be coupled with a directional coupler and at least one ground, and the dielectric layer can include a first region (102) with a first set of substrate properties and a second region (104), with a second set of surface properties.