Journal ArticleDOI
Prenatal effects of alcohol on adult learning in rats
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Both male and female offspring prenatally exposed to ethanol weighed less than controls andFemale offspring performed significantly worse than the offspring of vehicle-injected pair-fed control mothers, on a two-way shock-avoidance task.Abstract:
In an initial study, the rate of blood alcohol disappearance was not significantly different in pregnant compared to nonpregnant rats, but blood alcohol levels were significantly different depending on dose. In a second study, pregnant rats received daily administrations (p.o.) of ethanol (30% w/v) in single doses throughout gestation. Pair-fed vehicle-treated, and nondrug-treated rats fed ad lib served as controls. All pups were removed from their biological mothers at birth and were raised by nondrug-treated surrogate mothers. At five months of age, both male and female offspring prenatally exposed to ethanol weighed less than controls and female offspring performed significantly worse than the offspring of vehicle-injected pair-fed control mothers, on a two-way shock-avoidance task. There were no significant group differences, however, for either sex in water-escape maze learning.read more
Citations
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Prenatal alcohol exposure: fetal programming and later life vulnerability to stress, depression and anxiety disorders.
TL;DR: The research suggests that the stress-diathesis model provides a powerful approach for elucidating mechanisms underlying the increased vulnerability to mental illness among individuals with FASD, and developing appropriate treatments for these individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prenatal alcohol exposure: foetal programming, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sex differences in outcome.
TL;DR: Data demonstrating that alcohol exposure in utero programmes the foetal HPA axis such that HPA tone is increased throughout life is reviewed, and it is shown that, although alterations in HPA responsiveness and regulation are robust phenomena, occurring in both male and female offspring, sexually dimorphic effects of alcohol are frequently observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of prenatal exposure to ethanol on the development of cerebral cortex: I. Neuronal generation.
TL;DR: The present data show that neuronal generation is profoundly affected by ethanol, and disturbances result from ethanol-induced abnormalities in neuronal proliferation and migration.
Journal ArticleDOI
The long-term behavioral effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in rats.
TL;DR: It is concluded that prenatal alcohol exposure does have long lasting effects, although some of these might only occur under challenging or stressful circumstances, and may only be detected when these compensatory systems break down.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deficits on a spatial navigation task following prenatal exposure to ethanol.
TL;DR: In this article, performance on a Morris water task was examined in young rats whose mothers consumed a liquid diet consisting of 35% ethanol-derived calories (EDC) during pregnancy, and the impaired performance on this task suggests that prenatal alcohol exposure alters the ability to process spatial information.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy
KennethL. Jones,David W. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: The first necropsy performed on a patient with fetal alcohol syndrome disclosed serious dysmorphogenesis of the brain, which may be responsible for some of the functional abnormalities and the joint malposition seen in this syndrome.
Journal Article
Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on growth and development in rats.
E L Abel,B A Dintcheff +1 more
TL;DR: Pregnant rats were intubated daily throughout gestation with 4.0 or 6.0 g/kg of ethanol and exhibited postnatal "catch up" growth, but pups from the higher dosage group remained significantly lighter in weight than either their pair-fed controls or ad libitum animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of ethanol on pregnant rats and their offspring
TL;DR: There was no evidence of behavioral teratogenesis comparable to that reported for higher doses in animals or in man characterized by the fetal alcohol syndrome at the doses of alcohol used in this study.