Journal ArticleDOI
Purification of Niobium by Electron Beam Melting
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In this article, an attempt has been made to refine niobium metals by electron beam drip melting technique to achieve purity confirming to the ASTM standard, which is shown to reduce alkali metals, trace elements and interstitial impurities well below the specified limits.Abstract:
Abstract Pure niobium metal, produced by alumino-thermic reduction of niobium oxide, contains various impurities which need to be reduced to acceptable levels to obtain aerospace grade purity. In the present work, an attempt has been made to refine niobium metals by electron beam drip melting technique to achieve purity confirming to the ASTM standard. Input power to the electron gun and melt rate were varied to observe their combined effect on extend of refining and loss of niobium. Electron beam (EB) melting is shown to reduce alkali metals, trace elements and interstitial impurities well below the specified limits. The reduction in the impurities during EB melting is attributed to evaporation and degassing due to the combined effect of high vacuum and high melt surface temperature. The % removal of interstitial impurities is essentially a function of melt rate and input power. As the melt rate decreases or input power increases, the impurity levels in the solidified niobium ingot decrease. The EB refining process is also accompanied by considerable amount of niobium loss, which is attributed to evaporation of pure niobium and niobium sub-oxide. Like other impurities, Nb loss increases with decreasing melt rate or increase in input power.read more
Citations
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Investigation of Tantalum Recycling by Electron Beam Melting
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Magnetic Heating Effect for Quarter-Wave Resonator (QWR) Superconducting Cavities
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Investigation of electron beam melting and refining of titanium and tantalum scrap
Katia Vutova,Vania Vassileva,E. Koleva,Elena I. Georgieva,G. M. Mladenov,D. Mollov,M Kardjiev +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, experimental and theoretical data for Ti and Ta electron beam melting regeneration from waste products are presented, and different technological regimes and methods are realized and the obtained results are discussed, including the impurities' concentration of the materials before electronbeam melting and refining (EBMR) and of the ingots after EBMR.
Journal ArticleDOI
Electron Beam Melting and Refining of Metals and Alloys
TL;DR: In this article, electron beam melting and refining has been considered in the production of nickel base superalloys, specialty steels, refractory metals such as tantalum, niobium, tungsten, and molybdenum and reactive metals, such as hafnium, vanadium, zirconium, and titanium and their alloys.
Journal ArticleDOI
The yield stress of niobium and niobium-oxygen solid solutions☆
B.A. Loomis,S.B. Gerber +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Nb–20%Ta alloy powder by the hydriding–dehydriding technique
TL;DR: In this paper, the Nb-20%Ta (wt%) alloy powders were produced in ingot form by the aluminothermic reduction of oxides (Nb 2O5/Ta2O5) and electron beam melting.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of internal oxidation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of C-103 alloy
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of internal oxidation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of niobium alloy, C-103 has been investigated, and it has been observed that for oxygen contents in the range ∼400-1000 ppm, hafnium oxide precipitated exclusively along the grain boundaries, while for oxygen content of ∼2500 ppm, precipitates formed both at the grain boundary and within the grains near surface region of the alloy.