Journal ArticleDOI
Randomized Experiments on Crime and Justice
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TLDR
Randomized experiments as discussed by the authors investigate the effect of changes in one factor (the independent variable) on another (the dependent variable), under the control of the researcher, which is especially useful for testing causal hypotheses.Abstract:
An experiment investigates the effect of changes in one factor (the independent variable) on another (the dependent variable). The independent variable is under the control of the researcher. A randomized experiment is one in which people (or other units) are assigned to conditions according to a table of random numbers, with every person having the same probability of being assigned to each condition. These experiments are especially useful for testing causal hypotheses. Their unique advantage over other methods is their high internal validity, or high ability to demonstrate the effect of one factor on another. The randomization ensures that people assigned to one condition are equivalent in every possible way to those assigned to another condition, within the limits of statistical fluctuation. Despite their methodological advantages, very few randomized experiments have been carried out on crime and justice topics. Most have investigated the effects of providing special help for offenders, and in most c...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the mechanics of instrumental variables and the qualities that make for a good instrument, devoting particular attention to instruments derived from "natural experiments" for causal relationships.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development and risk factors of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on impulse control as it relates to antisocial and delinquent behavior in juveniles, and examine how different risk factors impinge on the development of antisocial behavior at different points in the life cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
General deterrent effects of police patrol in crime “hot spots”: A randomized, controlled trial
TL;DR: In this paper, a one-year randomized trial in Minneapolis of increases in patrol dosage at 55 of 110 crime hot spots, monitored by 7,542 hours of systematic observations, showed that substantial increases in police patrol presence can indeed cause modest reductions in crime and impressive reductions in disorder within high crime locations.
Journal ArticleDOI
What Can Police Do to Reduce Crime, Disorder, and Fear?
David Weisburd,John E. Eck +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review research on police effectiveness in reducing crime, disorder, and fear in the context of a typology of innovation in police practices, emphasizing two dimensions: one concerning the diversity of approaches, and the other, the level of focus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward a Developmental Criminology
Rolf Loeber,Marc Le Blanc +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the evidence shows continuity in offending between adolescence and adulthood and continuity between prepubertal conduct problems and later offending, and three developmental processes of offending include activation, aggravation, and desistance.
References
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Book
Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences
TL;DR: This is the revision of the classic text in the field, adding two new chapters and thoroughly updating all others as discussed by the authors, and the original structure is retained, and the book continues to serve as a combined text/reference.
Book
Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research
TL;DR: A survey drawn from social science research which deals with correlational, ex post facto, true experimental, and quasi-experimental designs and makes methodological recommendations is presented in this article.
Book
The Government Printing Office
TL;DR: In this article, the official journals of government are produced at their 1.5 million square foot plant, the largest industrial facility in the District and significant issues of outdated plant and equipment.
Book
The analysis of cross-classified categorical data
TL;DR: The second edition has been updated and revised, with more emphasis on logic and logistic response properties and on the small-sample behavior of chi-square statistics as mentioned in this paper, and includes 40 to 50 new problems with most having separate data sheets.
ReportDOI
Interpersonal Dynamics in a Simulated Prison
TL;DR: In this article, a functional simulation of a prison environment was used to assess the power of social forces on the emergent behavior in this situation, alternative explanations in terms of pre-existing dispositions were eliminated through subject selection.