This book gives an elementary treatment of the basic material about graph spectra, both for ordinary, and Laplace and Seidel spectra. The text progresses systematically, by covering standard topics before presenting some new material on trees, strongly regular graphs, two-graphs, association schemes, p-ranks of configurations and similar topics. Exercises at the end of each chapter provide practice and vary from easy yet interesting applications of the treated theory, to little excursions into related topics. Tables, references at the end of the book, an author and subject index enrich the text. Spectra of Graphs is written for researchers, teachers and graduate students interested in graph spectra. The reader is assumed to be familiar with basic linear algebra and eigenvalues, although some more advanced topics in linear algebra, like the Perron-Frobenius theorem and eigenvalue interlacing are included.

background

Regular 2‐Graphs

Spectra of graphs

Consider a connected simple graph with vertex set X of diameter d. Define Ri X2 by (x, y) Ri whenever x and y have graph distance

Distance-Regular Graphs

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of spherical codes and designs. A finite non-empty set X of unit vectors in Euclidean space R d has several characteristics, such as the dimension d ( X ) of the space spanned by X , its cardinality n = | X |, its degree s( X ), and its strength t ( X ).The chapter presents derivation of bounds for the cardinality of spherical A -codes in terms of the Gegenbauer coefficients of polynomials compatible with A . It also discusses spherical ( d , n , s , i)- configurations X . These are sets X of cardinality n on the unit sphere Ω d , which are spherical t -designs and spherical A -codes with I A I = s ; in other words, the strength t ( X ) is at least t and the degree s ( X ) is at most s . A condition is given for a spherical A -code to be a spherical t -design, in terms of the Gegenbauer coefficients of an annihilator of the set A . The chapter presents many examples of spherical ( d , n , s , t )-configurations; there exist tight spherical t-designs with t = 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, and non-tight spherical ( 2s − 1)-designs. The constructions of these examples use sets of lines with few angles and association schemes, respectively.

Spherical codes and designs

A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labeled by signs. This is a bibliography of signed graphs and related mathematics. Several kinds of labelled graph have been called "signed" yet are mathematically very different. I distinguish four types: Group-signed graphs: the edge labels are elements of a 2-element group and are multiplied around a polygon (or along any walk). Among the natural generalizations are larger groups and vertex signs. Sign-colored graphs, in which the edges are labelled from a two-element set that is acted upon by the sign group: - interchanges labels, + leaves them unchanged. This is the kind of "signed graph" found in knot theory. The natural generalization is to more colors and more general groups —  or no group. Weighted graphs, in which the edge labels are the elements +1 and -1 of the integers or another additive domain. Weights behave like numbers, not signs; thus I regard work on weighted graphs as outside the scope of the bibliography — ex cept (to some extent) when the author calls the weights "signs". Labelled graphs where the labels have no structure or properties but are called "signs" for any or no reason.

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A Mathematical Bibliography of Signed and Gain Graphs and Allied Areas

A.E. Brouwer J.H. van Lint We give a survey of recent results concerning construction, uniqueness or nonexistence of strongly regular graphs and partial geometries. Essentially we restrict ourselves to results which did not occur in the well known earlier surveys.

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Regular 2‐Graphs

Citations

Spectra of graphs

Distance-Regular Graphs

Spherical codes and designs

A Mathematical Bibliography of Signed and Gain Graphs and Allied Areas

Strongly regular graphs and partial geometries

Related Papers (5)

A survey of two-graphs

Distance-Regular Graphs

Equilateral point sets in elliptic geometry

Two-graphs, a second survey

The regular two-graph on 276 vertices