Journal ArticleDOI
Segregation and Exchange Properties of Alkylammonium Ions in a Smectite and Vermiculite
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In this paper, X-ray diffraction analysis of mixed alkylammonium-exchanged smectite revealed segregation of different ion species into randomly ordered layers, which is explained by the hydration properties of cations as well as the energy requirements of layer expansion.Abstract:
X-ray diffraction analysis of mixed alkylammonium-exchanged smectite revealed segregation of different ion species into randomly ordered layers. Vermiculite, however, showed segregation into crystallites, a behavior attributed to clay inhomogeneity. Ion segregation is explained by the hydration properties of cations as well as the energy requirements of layer expansion. Quaternary ammonium ions of different size were used to exchange ethylammonium-clays, and the effectiveness, as well as steric hindrance, of cation size in ion exchange was demonstrated. Layer charge density was related to the degree of ease of large cation adsorption. Basal spacing in suspension was found to be important in determining the preference of vermiculite for certain cations, while more freely-expanding, lower layer charge smectite did not demonstrate this phenomenon.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts prepared by desilication with organic hydroxides and comparison with NaOH leaching
TL;DR: In this paper, hierarchical ZSM-5 was desilicated with tetraalkylammonium hydroxides (TPAOH, TBAOH) to achieve mesoporosity and micro-and mesopore properties.
Book ChapterDOI
Clays and Clay Minerals for Pollution Control
TL;DR: In this paper, the processes, mechanisms, and applications of clay minerals in the adsorption, removal, and stabilization of natural organic matter, heavy metal contaminants, organic and biological cations, and non-ionic organic compounds are summarized.
Book ChapterDOI
Use of Organoclays in Pollution Abatement
Book ChapterDOI
Chapter 11.1 clays and clay minerals for pollution control
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the applications of clays and clay materials for pollution control and discuss the requirements for pre-treatment that enhance their effectiveness in each case, and provide some of the particular or proposed applications for clays.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Enthalpy of hydration of the proton
H. F. Halliwell,S. C. Nyburg +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a simple model of aqueous solutions is used to estimate the absolute hydration enthalpy of the proton at infinite dilution and at 298 c-K. The value obtained is -260.7 kcal mole/sup -1/ with an estimated uncertainty of surface proces 2.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adsorption of alkylammonium cations by montmorillonite
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption of various alkylammonium cations from aqueous solution by sodium and calcium montmorillonite has been studied, and the affinity of the clay for these cations was linearly related to molecular weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermodynamics of the Exchange of n-Alkylammonium Ions on Na-Montmorillonite
TL;DR: In this article, a thermodynamic study of the ion exchange equilibria of the n-alkylam-monium ions in sodium montmorillonite was made and the changes in free energy, enthalpy and entropy for the exchange reactions were calculated.