Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications:
Mark Bray
- Vol. 4, Iss: 3, pp 442-475
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TLDR
In this paper, a map of shadow tutoring in East Asia and Europe is presented, showing that shadow education has spread to other parts of the world including Europe, where private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has become popular.Abstract:
Purpose:Private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education, has long been visible in East Asia, and now has spread to other parts of the world including Europe. This article maps the ...read more
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Miracle of education: the principles and practices of teaching and learning in Finnish schools
TL;DR: In this paper, Niemi, Toom and Kalliomaki present an edited book with 18 chapters with 18 authors, including Niemi and Toom, which is an extended version of their book.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative research on shadow education: Achievements, challenges, and the agenda ahead
Wei Zhang,Mark Bray,Mark Bray +2 more
TL;DR: This article reviewed research on shadow education during the early decades of the present century, focusing on the first global study of shadow education, published in 1999, though notes some scattered national and subnational literature prior to that date.
Journal ArticleDOI
Confronting the shadow education system: what government policies for what private tutoring?
TL;DR: Bray et al. as mentioned in this paper discuss why many developing economies are exposed to private tutoring and why tutoring is a rare phenomenon in the Nordic well-known well-being.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulating private tutoring for public good: Policy options for supplementary education in Asia
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a list of supplementary tutoring in 32 countries in Asia which indicates the scale and spread of this type of education in this region and suggest various policy options for governments and suggestions for implementation.
References
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Department for Children, Schools and Families
TL;DR: The Department for Children, Schools and Families leads work across Government to ensure that all children and young people stay healthy and safe and secure an excellent education and the highest possible standards of achievement.
Book
The Shadow Education System: Private Tutoring and Its Implications for Planners
TL;DR: Bray as discussed by the authors describes and analyzes the phenomenon of private educational tutoring and places the subject in a global context, and provides a historical and sociological context for the phenomenon and ends by providing some suggestions for policy makers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shadow Education and Allocation in Formal Schooling: Transition to University in Japan
David Stevenson,David P. Baker +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a longitudinal study of high school seniors in Japan indicated that students from higher socioeconomic backgrounds were more likely to participate in shadow education and that students who participate in certain forms of shadow education are more likely than others to attend university.
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