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Patent

Simulated steering apparatus for use in a vehicle simulator

TLDR
In this article, a steering wheel is attached to the front end of the steering shaft and a powder clutch and an electric motor are located on either side of it, and an endless output belt 18 is mounted around a coupled pulley that is fitted over the steering wheel and a drive pulley (17) for the powder clutch.
Abstract
When the steering wheel is turned right or left from its neutral state, a steering reaction force in a direction opposite to the steering direction is transmitted to an operator. A steering shaft (4) that passes through a case (2) and a panel plate (3) is supported rotatably via housings (5) in which are mounted ball bearings. A steering wheel is attached to the front end of the steering shaft (4), and a powder clutch (12) and an electric motor (19) are located on either side of the steering shaft (4). An endless output belt 18 is mounted around a coupled pulley (8) that is fitted over the steering shaft (4), and a drive pulley (17) for the powder clutch (12), while an endless input belt (23) is mounted around a coupled pulley (16) for the powder clutch (12) and a drive pulley (22) for the electric motor (19).

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Citations
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References
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Patent

Control device such as a steering wheel for video vehicle simulator with realistic feedback forces

TL;DR: In this article, an apparatus and method for simulating the forces acting on the steering wheel or other control device of a vehicle using an electrical motor coupled to a steering wheel in the preferred embodiment is described.
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Reduced-scale racing system

TL;DR: In this paper, a reduced-scale racing apparatus with at least one self-powered, remotely controlled vehicle and operator's booth containing a control console for operating the vehicle is presented.
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Control yoke apparatus for computerized aircraft simulation

TL;DR: In this article, an aircraft control yoke apparatus includes an inexpensive mechanism for manipulating a two-axis variable transducer and is especially adaptable for use with microcomputers.
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Real time vehicle simulation system

TL;DR: In this article, the future position and orientation of a simulated vehicle are predicted in an operating sequence by separate coordinated models that are fed data signals indicating the operator's control actions, and the control actions are extrapolated to provide further data signals.
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Driver training simulator

TL;DR: In this paper, a driver training simulator apparatus is disclosed which provides accurate simulation of the operation of the steering wheel and the simulated clutters, and a stall sensor is provided to indicate the occurrence of a stall when predetermined simulated conditions of engine speed and load are present in the simulated vehicle.