Historically, crime groups rarely included women, but debates continue over whether women today are more violent, or have greater involvement in mixed-sex or all-female crime partnerships. We analyze variability in sex stratification of violent crime groups over time, and across situational offense characteristics, utilizing co-offending data from Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR; 1980-2007) for homicide and National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS; 1995-2007) for robbery, felony, and simple assault. Descriptive and multivariate results show crime groups remain highly sex-stratified and male-dominated, particularly when the offense is serious, instrumental, and involves strangers and/or access to weapons. Opposite-sex partners are more likely for expressive violence victimizing family/intimates.

Sisters in Crime Revisited: Bringing Gender into Criminology—In Honor of Freda Adler

Thirty Years of Sex Stratification in Violent Crime Partnerships and Groups

AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SOCIAL SERVICES SUPPORT, RACE, ETHNICITY AND RECIDIVISM IN JUSTICE INVOLVED MOTHERS Ne’Shaun Janay Borden Old Dominion University, 2020 Director: Dr. Edward Neukrug Historically, women have been ignored and minimized in criminology research and theory, leading to gaps in the literature on justice involved women. In recent years, there has been more focus on women as their rates of involvement in the justice system have increased. Previous studies have found that pathways to justice involvement are different for women and men, with women experiencing higher rates of victimization, sexual abuse and mental health concerns. Further, justice involved women are unique in that over 80% are mothers or primary caregivers for minors. General Strain Theory is used to assert that receiving support should reduce the stress experienced by women that otherwise would lead to criminal behavior; however, little is known about how the recidivism rates of justice involved females are impacted by the social services their children receive. The risk, needs, responsivity model is used to further support the need for providing assistance needed to ease the strain on women. The researcher utilized a subset of archival data to explore the needs of justice involved women. Participants included 233 justice involved women. A two by four (2x4) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if there was a statistically significant correlation between the women’s children receiving services, the women’s race, the women’s ethnicity, and the amount of lifetime arrests. Results indicated that there was not a statistically significant relationship between children receiving services, race, and ethnicity, or a significant interaction effect between receiving services and race or ethnicity on the mother’s number of lifetime arrests. Implications, limitations and future directions are discussed.

/pdf/an-examination-of-the-relationship-among-social-services-1jbenhmi90.pdf

An Examination of the Relationship Among Social Services Support, Race, Ethnicity and Recidivism in Justice Involved Mothers

/pdf/perceptions-of-procedural-justice-among-male-and-female-2wxmsln067.pdf

Perceptions of procedural justice among male and female minority gang members

/pdf/from-reformatories-to-today-and-into-the-future-what-needs-254w1jd1ic.pdf

Sisters in Crime Revisited: Bringing Gender into Criminology—In Honor of Freda Adler

Citations

Thirty Years of Sex Stratification in Violent Crime Partnerships and Groups

An Examination of the Relationship Among Social Services Support, Race, Ethnicity and Recidivism in Justice Involved Mothers

Perceptions of procedural justice among male and female minority gang members

From Reformatories, to Today, and into the Future: What Needs to Change for Female Offenders

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