Spanner: Google’s Globally Distributed Database

TLDR: Spanner as mentioned in this paper is Google's scalable, multiversion, globally distributed, and synchronously replicated database, which is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions.

Abstract: Spanner is Google’s scalable, multiversion, globally distributed, and synchronously replicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. This article describes how Spanner is structured, its feature set, the rationale underlying various design decisions, and a novel time API that exposes clock uncertainty. This API and its implementation are critical to supporting external consistency and a variety of powerful features: nonblocking reads in the past, lock-free snapshot transactions, and atomic schema changes, across all of Spanner.