Spanner: Google’s Globally Distributed Database
James C. Corbett,Jeffrey Dean,Michael James Boyer Epstein,Andrew Fikes,Christopher Frost,J. J. Furman,Sanjay Ghemawat,Andrey Gubarev,Christopher Heiser,Peter Hochschild,Wilson C. Hsieh,Sebastian Kanthak,Eugene Kogan,Hongyi Li,Alexander Lloyd,Sergey Melnik,David Mwaura,David Nagle,Sean Quinlan,Rajesh Rao,Lindsay Rolig,Yasushi Saito,Michal Piotr Szymaniak,Chris Jorgen Taylor,Ruth Wang,Dale Woodford +25 more
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Spanner as mentioned in this paper is Google's scalable, multiversion, globally distributed, and synchronously replicated database, which is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions.Abstract:
Spanner is Google’s scalable, multiversion, globally distributed, and synchronously replicated database. It is the first system to distribute data at global scale and support externally-consistent distributed transactions. This article describes how Spanner is structured, its feature set, the rationale underlying various design decisions, and a novel time API that exposes clock uncertainty. This API and its implementation are critical to supporting external consistency and a variety of powerful features: nonblocking reads in the past, lock-free snapshot transactions, and atomic schema changes, across all of Spanner.read more
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