Journal ArticleDOI
Spectral Analysis of Impact Shock during Running
TLDR
In this paper, the effects of increasing impact shock levels on the spectral characteristics of impact shock and impact shock wave attenuation in the body during treadmill running were investigated, and it was found that the greatest attenuation of the shock transmitted to the head occurred in the 15-50 Hz range.Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increasing impact shock levels on the spectral characteristics of impact shock and impact shock wave attenuation in the body during treadmill running. Twelve male subjects ran at 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 m s−1 on a treadmill. Axial accelerations of the shank and head were measured using low-mass accelerometers. The typical shank acceleration power spectrum contained two major components which corresponded to the active (5–8 Hz) and impact (12–20 Hz) phases of the time-domain ground reaction force. Both the amplitude and frequency of leg shock transients increased with increasing running speed. Greatest attenuation of the shock transmitted to the head occurred in the 15–50 Hz range. Attenuation increased with increasing running speed. Thus transmission of the impact shock wave to the head was limited, despite large increases in impact shock at the lower extremity.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanical factors associated with tibial stress fracture in female runners.
TL;DR: Data indicate that a history of TSF in runners is associated with increases in dynamic loading-related variables and the magnitude of tibial shock predicted group membership successfully in 70% of cases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanical predictors of retrospective tibial stress fractures in runners
Michael B. Pohl,David R. Mullineaux,Clare E. Milner,Joseph Hamill,Irene S. Davis,Irene S. Davis +5 more
TL;DR: HADD, FM and RFEV appear to be the most important of the variables of interest in terms of predicting retrospective TSF in female runners.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts and kinematic adjustments during an exhaustive run.
TL;DR: The altered kinematics may have resulted in increased metabolic costs during the latter stages of the exhaustive run, and the increase in peak impact accelerations at the leg was not considered an increased injury risk because of the decreased effective mass.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy absorption of impacts during running at various stride lengths.
TL;DR: In this paper, the foot-ground impact experienced during running produces a shock wave that is transmitted through the human skeletal system, which is attenuated by deformation of the ground/shoe as well as biological tissues in the body.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shock attenuation and stride frequency during running
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between stride frequency and impact attenuation in human locomotion and suggested that the minimum forcing function in locomotion occurs at the resonant frequency of the FDHO and that oxygen cost may be considered an optimality criterion for locomotion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Walking speed as a basis for normal and abnormal gait measurements
TL;DR: It is shown that basic time distance measurements observed over a range of walking speeds can be useful indicators of gait abnormalities associated with knee disabilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ground reaction forces in running: a reexamination
TL;DR: Three dimensional graphic displays showed that, despite considerable group variability in medial-lateral GRF-time histories, consistency was evident in the patterns of individuals across speeds, and right-left asymmetries were clearly shown in these displays.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skeletal transients on heel strike in normal walking with different footwear.
TL;DR: Simultaneous measurements during normal walking of the transient acceleration on heel strike in the tibia and skull show peaks of ∼ 5 g and 0.5 g respectively when hard heels were worn, which indicates Aggravation of symptoms in sufferers from back troubles may well be due to shear induced by them in para-osteal tissue.
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An in vivo study of low back pain and shock absorption in the human locomotor system.
Arkady Voloshin,J. Wosk +1 more
TL;DR: The present investigation support the idea that the repetitive loading resulting from gait generates intermittent waves that propagate through the entire human musculoskeletal system from the heel up to the head, and that the human locomotor system tries to prevent overloading of the head from insufficiently attenuated shock waves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Shoe Cushioning Upon Ground Reaction Forces in Running
TL;DR: It was found that the time to the vertical force impact peak (VFIP) was significantly longer and the minimum after the VFIP was significantly delayed in the soft shoe, while the peak VF propulsive force occurred statistically at the same time in both shoes.