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Staged heating by oxidation of carbonaceous material

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TLDR
In this article, a carbonaceous material is pyrolyzed in the presence of a particulate source of heat obtained by the partial oxidation of a carbon containing solid residue of the carbonized material.
Abstract
A carbonaceous material is pyrolyzed in the presence of a particulate source of heat obtained by the partial oxidation of a carbon containing solid residue of the carbonaceous material The heat obtained from the oxidation of the carbon containing solid residue is maximized by preheating the carbon containing solid residue with a hot gas stream obtained by oxidizing the gaseous combustion products of the carbon containing solid residue

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Method and apparatus for treating oil-water-solids sludges and refinery waste streams

TL;DR: In this paper, a rotary disk type indirect dryer connected to a lift pipe type combustor/oxidizer for thorough exposure of the dried solids to an oxygen containing atmosphere is described.
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Pyrolysis process and apparatus

TL;DR: In this paper, a process and apparatus for pyrolyzing particulate coal by heating with a particulate solid heating media in a transport reactor is described, which is particularly useful for bituminous or agglomerative type coals.
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Process for the recovery of oil from shale

TL;DR: In this article, a continuous process for recovery of oil and energy from oil shale is described, where the mixture of spent shale and heat carrier solids is separated from the product gas and vapors and the solids are combusted in air.
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Patent

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TL;DR: In this article, a water-soluble alkali metal compound or other soluble constituent is recovered from a mixture of solid particles of different densities and the solid particles are simultaneously separated into two fractions, one having a greater density than the other by countercurrently contacting the solids with a leaching agent in which said constituent is soluble in a countercurrent multistage leaching system.
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TL;DR: In this article, a caking coal or similar carbonaceous solid is introduced into a fluidized bed containing char particles at a temperature in excess of the coal resolidification point by entraining coal particles less than about 8 mesh on the Tyler screen scale in a gas stream preheated to a temperature of about 300* F. but below the initial softening point of coal.
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TL;DR: In this paper, toxic trace element pollutants present in the raw product gas and raw flue gas streams produced during the gasification of coal or similar carbonaceous solids containing sulfur and such trace elements are recovered by separately scrubbing the product gas with water, combining the resulting aqueous effluents, and removing the pollutants from the combined aiquous stream as insoluble metal sulfides.
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TL;DR: In this article, coal, coke, and fine sand are mixed in an endothermic conversion zone with a dense fluidized bed of hot particles, part or all of the particles withdrawn from the zone being recycled to a combustion zone where they are mixed with different inert particles so that the mixture contains 1-20 per cent carbon, and the hot particles from this zone after separation of inert particles being returned to the conversion zone.
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TL;DR: In this article, the use of a gas of relatively low molecular oxygen content alleviates ash fusion problems and related difficulties in coal gasification, by injecting sufficient gas having a molecular oxygen concentration less than that of air, normally between about 1 and about 15% by volume, into the dense phase stream near the bottom of the burner to promote a transition from dense phase to dilute phase flow and initiate the combustion of carbon.