1.

The properties of fibrous composites, in particular, their ductility and strength, are determined by three principal components: the matrix, the fibers, and the fiber — matrix interface.




2.

In all cases the ductility of fibrous composites is less than that of the matrix and greater than that of the fibers. In general, the variation of the ductility of the composite with fiber volume fraction is nonadditive.




3.

The principal factor responsible for the nonadditivity is the presence of a fiber — matrix interface. As the interface density increases, i.e., as the fiber diameter decreases, the nonadditive fraction increases and the additive fraction, characterized by the ductility of the fibers and the matrix, falls.




4.

In relation to the overall ductility of the composite the interface plays a dual role: it reduces the ductility of the matrix and increases that of the fibers.




5.

The interface delays necking of the fibers, which, in the presence of a high strain-hardening coefficient, is the chief source of the high strengths obtained for the composite as compared with those calculated from the additivity rule.

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Citations

Effect of the fiber-matrix interface on the plasticity and strength of fibrous composites

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