light and the records be more precisely obtained using other types
of high-speed photographic cameras. It should be pointed out that
the methods used by the discusser'are general and equally appli-
cable to biaxial stress problems, to heterogeneous materials, and
if the material is transparent, to three-dimensional problems.
References
1 Durelli, A. J., and Mulzet, A. P., "Large Strain Analysis and Stresses
in Linear Materials," Journal of the Engineering Mechanics
Division,
No.
EM-3,
June 1965, pp.
65-91.
2 Parks, V. J., and Durelli, A. J., "On the Definitions of Strain and
Their Use in Large-Strain Analysis," Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 7, No.
6, June 1967, pp. 279-280.
3 Durelli, A. J., Parks, V. J., and Feng, H., "Experimental Methods of
Large Strain Analysis," International Journal of Nonlinear
Mechanics,
Vol.
2,
1967, pp. 387-404.
4 Durelli, A. J., Parks, V. J., and Chen, T. L., "Stress and Finite-strain
Analysis of a Circular Ring Under Diametral Compression," Experimental
Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 5, May
1969,
pp. 210-214.
5 Durelli, A. J., Parks, V. J., and Lopardo, V. J., "Stresses and Finite
Strains Around an Elliptic Hole in Finite Plates Subjected to Uniform
Load," International Journal of Nonlinear Mechanics, Vol. 5, 1970, pp.
397-411.
6 Durelli, A. J., and Chen, T. L., "Displacement and Finite-Strain
Fields in a Sphere Subjected to Large Deformations," International Jour-
nal of
Nonlinear
Mechanics,
Vol. 8, No. 1, Feb.
1973,
pp. 17-30.
Authors' Closure
The authors wish to thank Dr. Durelli for his interest in this
paper. His many contributions in the field of experimental me-
chanics are well known to all. It is not surprising that Professor
Durelli would suggest using the grid method or moire as an alter-
native approach to dynamic photoplasticity since he has had
DISCUSSION/BOOK REVIEW
wide experience with this method. It seems we all tend to pursue
our own pet methodologies. The authors have had broad experi-
ence with high-speed photography and dynamic photoelasticity.
We wanted to investigate the feasibility of using these techniques
for dynamic plastic stress analysis.
Since the purpose of the reported research was to develop a
technique for dynamic stress analysis of the material employing
photoplasticity, the birefringence-strain calibration of the materi-
al could not be circumvented by employing grids. Furthermore,
the methods suggested provide only the strain field. In order to
obtain the stress field, one still must engage in extensive mechan-
ical calibration to establish the stress strain-strain rate relations.
With regard to Dr. Durelli's recommendation of a Cranz-Schar-
din camera, there was none available for use on this project. Be-
sides,
one of the authors has had recent experience with a camera
of this type and he found that the resolution was no better. The
limited number of frames would either have severely reduced the
duration of the tests or increased the interval between frames to
the extent that differentiation of the data to obtain the birefrin-
gence rate would have been impossible. In addition, he found that
this type of camera was temperamental because of the effect of
humidity on its operation and the speed was difficult to change.
The Beckman, on the other hand, has 80 frames and has a con-
tinuously variable speed.
Grid or moire methods may prove to be more effective as tools
for dynamic plasticity problems. Their feasibility should certainly
be investigated. An experimentalist of Professor Durelli's caliber,
who is well acquainted with these methods, could make a valu-
able contribution by extending their application into this virgin
territory.
journal
of
applied
mechanics
iiiili
mmmm
Analysis of Waves and Sound
in Solid Bodies
Structure-Borne Sound. By L. Cremer and M. Heckl. Trans-
lated and revised by E. E. Ungar. Springer-Verlag, New York/
Heidelberg/Berlin. 1973. $36.10.
REVIEWED BY J. D. ACHENBACH
1
This work is concerned with the analysis of waves and vibra-
tions in solid bodies, and with associated sound radiation at
audio frequencies. Emphasis has been placed on the discussion of
phenomenological aspects and practical applications. A typical
chapter starts with a few pages of introductory and summarizing
remarks, proceeds with a discussion of measurement techniques
1
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Evanston,
111.
Northwestern University,
and experimental data, and concludes with an exposition of theo-
ry and a discussion of applications. An exception is the second
chapter, entitled, "Survey of Wave Types and Characteristics,"
which contains a slightly belabored presentation of classical theo-
ry.
The significant topics in the area of structure-borne sound have
been covered thoroughly. Chapter 1 deals with measurement and
generation of structure-borne sound; Chapter 2 presents the
aforementioned discussion of wave types. Damping is thoroughly
discussed in Chapter 3. The next chapter deals with impedances.
An interesting discussion of attenuation by various mechanical
means, i.e., blocking masses, etc., is contained in Chapter 5. The
last chapter is concerned with sound radiation from structures.
This work presents a valuable collection of useful results. The
book was originally published in German. It's translation and re-
vision by E. E. Ungar have provided a welcome addition to the
technical literature on this topic in the English language.
Journal of Applied Mechanics
SEPTEMBER 1974 / 839
Copyright © 1974 by ASME
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