Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of mineral bond strength and adsorbed water on fault gouge frictional strength
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TLDR
In this paper, triaxial sliding experiments were conducted on 1 5 different single-mineral gouges with various water-adsorbing affinities, and the results confirm that the ability of minerals to adsorb various amounts of water is related to their relative frictional strength, and may explain the anomalously low strength of natural fault gouges.Abstract:
Recent studies suggest that the tendency of many fault gouge minerals to take on adsorbed or interlayer water may strongly influence their frictional strength. To test this hypothesis, triaxial sliding experiments were conducted on 1 5 different single-mineral gouges with various water-adsorbing affinities. Vacuum dried samples were sheared at 100 MPa, then saturated with water and sheared farther to compare dry and wet strengths. The coefficients of friction, µ, for the dry sheet- structure minerals (0.2-0.8), were related to mineral bond strength, and dropped 20-60% with the addition of water. For non-adsorbing minerals (µ =0.6-0.8), the strength remained unchanged after saturation. These results confirm that the ability of minerals to adsorb various amounts of water is related to their relative frictional strengths, and may explain the anomalously low strength of certain natural fault gouges.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of smectite- and illite-rich gouge frictional properties: application to the updip limit of the seismogenic zone along subduction megathrusts
Demian M. Saffer,Chris Marone +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report on laboratory experiments designed to investigate the frictional behavior of natural and synthetic clay-rich gouges, and they show that the velocity-strengthening behavior of illite shale under a wide range of conditions, do not support the hypothesis that the smectite-illite transition is responsible for the seismic-aseismic transition in subduction zones.
Journal ArticleDOI
Slip on 'weak' faults by the rotation of regional stress in the fracture damage zone.
Daniel R. Faulkner,Thomas M. Mitchell,David Healy,David Healy,Michael J. Heap,Michael J. Heap +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that stress rotation occurs within the fractured damage zone surrounding faults and that the damage-induced change in elastic properties provides the necessary stress rotation to allow high pore pressure faulting without inducing hydrofracture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in the understanding of fault zone internal structure: a review
TL;DR: In this paper, the porosity- permeability relationships of fault rocks during laboratory deformation tests support recently advancing con- cepts which have extended these models to show that poro-mechanical approaches may be applied to predict the fluid flow behavior of complex fault zones during the active life of the fault.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frictional and hydrologic properties of clay‐rich fault gouge
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the strength, friction constitutive properties, and permeability of a suite of saturated clay-rich fault gouges, including: a 50:50% mixture of montmorillonite-quartz, powdered illite shale, and powdered chlorite schist.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of clay content and mineralogy on frictional sliding behavior of simulated gouges: Binary and ternary mixtures of quartz, illite, and montmorillonite
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the frictional sliding behavior of simulated quartz-clay gouges under stress conditions relevant to seismogenic depths and found that the overall trend was a decrease in strength with increasing clay content, and the transition from regime 1 (high strength) to 2 (intermediate strength) is associated with the shift from a stress-supporting framework of quartz grains to a clay matrix embedded with disperse quartz grains, manifested by the development of P-foliation and reduction in Riedel shear angle.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Friction of Rocks
TL;DR: This paper showed that at low normal stress the shear stress required to slide one rock over another varies widely between experiments and at high normal stress that effect is diminished and the friction is nearly independent of rock type.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heat flow and energetics of the San Andreas Fault Zone
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that there is no evidence for local factional heating of the main fault trace at any latitude over a 1000 km length from Cape Mendocino to San Bernardino, and average heat flow is high (∼2 HFU, ∼80 mW m−2) throughout the 550 km segment of the Coast Ranges that encloses the San Andreas fault zone in central California.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic Properties of Molecularly Thin Liquid Films
TL;DR: Results show that two molecularly smooth surfaces, when close together in simple liquids, slide (shear) past each other while separated by a discrete number of molecular layers, and that the frictional force is "quantized" with the number of layers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pore Pressure Diffusion and the Mechanism of Reservoir-Induced Seismicity
Pradeep Talwani,Steve Acree +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the mechanism of transmission of stress to hypocentral locations by a process of diffusion of pore pressure (Pp) at reservoirs in South Carolina and found that Pp front plays a dual role in the triggering of earthquakes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strengths of serpentinite gouges at elevated temperatures
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the strength of chrysotile, antigorite-rich and dragonitic gouges under hydrothermal conditions, with emphasis on chrysotsite, which has thus far received little attention.
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