In Latin America governmental responses to the language issue have ranged from suppression of non-European languages to active promotion of at least a limited bilingualism. The thesis of this article is that the inconsistencies are primarily a function of economic and social struggles among contending national elites with the common goal of compelling subordinate groups to adapt to the behaviors and expectations of the elite groups. Not until the nineteenth century witnessed a shift to capital-intensive modes of production did the schools become a major locus for implementation of governmental policy. Then the schools were called upon in a direct and massive way to augment traditional forms of social control.

The politics of Mexican development

The politics of Mexican development

Citations

Education and colonial language policies in Latin America and the Caribbean

Driving the nation : road transportation and the postrevolutionary Mexican state, 1925-1960

State control of the environment: Politics and degradation in Mexico∗

Non-taxation and representation: An essay on distribution, redistribution, and political stability in the modern world

Crossing borders: Women, migration, and domestic work at the Texas-Mexico divide

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