Journal ArticleDOI
Visual Lung-Sound Characterization by Time-Expanded Wave-Form Analysis
TLDR
Time-expanded wave form analysis provides reproducible visual displays that allow documentation of the differentiating features of lung sounds and enhances the diagnostic utility of the sounds.Abstract:
To characterize lung sounds objectively, we examined, by means of time-amplitude plots, selected tape recordings of auscultatory phenomena considered by six observers to be typical of those in a standard classification. Normal lung sounds could not consistently be visually distinguished from adventitious sounds at conventional chart recorder speeds of 100 mm per second or less, but the differentiation was easily achieved when the time scale of the plots was raised to 800 mm per second. When discontinuous sounds (rales, crackles or crepitations) were heard clinically, the time-expanded wave forms showed intermittent "discontinuous" deflections usually less than 10 msec in duration. When continuous sounds (rhonchi or wheezes) were heard, the deflections were usually more than 250 msec. Time-expanded wave-form analysis provides reproducible visual displays that allow documentation of the differentiating features of lung sounds and enhances the diagnostic utility of the sounds. (N Engl J Med 296:968–...read more
Citations
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Respiratory sounds : Advances beyond the stethoscope
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Auscultation of the respiratory system
TL;DR: It is necessary to understand the underlying pathophysiology of various lung sounds generation for better understanding of disease processes in order to make correct diagnosis of respiratory disorders.
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Crackles: recording, analysis and clinical significance.
Päivi Piirilä,A. R. A. Sovijärvi +1 more
TL;DR: This review deals with the genesis, auscultation, recording and analysis of crackles, with an emphasis on modern signal-processing methods.
Definition of terms for applications of respiratory sounds
TL;DR: The terms collected in this paper of the ComputerizedRespiratory Sound Analysis (CORSA) guidelines includeterms of respiratory diseases, pulmonary physiology, acoustics, automatic data handling and instrumentation, as well as general terms that have not yet been definedclearly in the literature, or deﷁned in a controversial way.
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Bronchiolitis and Bronchitis in Connective Tissue Disease: A Possible Relationship to the Use of Penicillamine
Gary R. Epler,Gordon L. Snider,Edward A. Gaensler,Edgar S. Cathcart,Muiris X. FitzGerald,Charles B. Carrington +5 more
TL;DR: Rapid onset of severe and irreversbile airflow obstruction developed in two women with eosinophilic fasciitis and rheumatoid arthritis, and penicillamine may impair healing of bronchiolitis in such patients.
References
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Journal Article
Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest
TL;DR: Diagnosis of diseases of the chest , Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزδکی و شهید بهشتی.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crackles and wheezes.
TL;DR: The clinical interpretation of adventitious sounds is discussed in the light of these observations and the pitch of the wheeze is largely determined by the linear velocity of this jet of air and is independent of the calibre and length of the airway.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inspiratory crackles—early and late
A. R. Nath,L. H. Capel +1 more
TL;DR: Early inspiratory crackles were associated with severe airways obstruction and late inspiration crackles with a restrictive defect and late inspiratory cracking was associated with moderate airway obstruction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inspiratory crackles and mechanical events of breathing
A. R. Nath,L. H. Capel +1 more
TL;DR: This hypothesis that the timing of individual inspiratory crackles is determined by the elastic tension of the lung was tested by recording the inspiration crackles simultaneously with a recording of transpulmonary pressure, inspired volume, and inspiratory flow rate.