What causes violent crime
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In this article, a simple model of the incentives to commit crimes is proposed, which explicitly considers possible causes of the persistence of crime over time (criminal inertia), and a panel-data based GMM methodology is used to estimate a dynamic model of national crime rates.About:
This article is published in European Economic Review.The article was published on 2002-07-01 and is currently open access. It has received 654 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Homicide & Endogeneity.read more
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Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate whether the level of development of financial intermediaries exerts a casual influence on economic growth, and they find that financial intermediary development has a large causal impact on growth.
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Financial intermediation and growth: Causality and causes ☆
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate whether the level of development of financial intermediaries exerts a casual influence on economic growth and whether cross-country differences in legal and accounting systems (such as creditor rights, contract enforcement, and accounting standards) explain differences in financial development.
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Finance and the Sources of Growth
TL;DR: Beck, Levine, and Loayza as mentioned in this paper evaluate whether the level of development in the banking sector exerts a causal impact on economic growth and its sources- total factor productivity growth, physical capital accumulation, and private saving.
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Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence
TL;DR: The authors presented a model of social change that predicts how the value systems play a crucial role in the emergence and flourishing of democratic institutions, and that modernisation brings coherent cultural changes that are conducive to democratisation.
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Finance and the sources of growth
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate whether the level of development in the banking sector exerts a causal impact on economic growth and its sources-total factor productivity growth, physical capital accumulation, and private saving.
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Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations.
Manuel Arellano,Stephen Bond +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator optimally exploits all the linear moment restrictions that follow from the assumption of no serial correlation in the errors, in an equation which contains individual effects, lagged dependent variables and no strictly exogenous variables.
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Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models
Richard Blundell,Stephen Bond +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, two alternative linear estimators that are designed to improve the properties of the standard first-differenced GMM estimator are presented. But both estimators require restrictions on the initial conditions process.
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Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models
Manuel Arellano,Olympia Bover +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for efficient IV estimators of random effects models with information in levels which can accommodate predetermined variables is presented. But the authors do not consider models with predetermined variables that have constant correlation with the effects.
Book
Econometric Analysis of Panel Data
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a two-way error component regression model for estimating the likelihood of a particular item in a set of data points in a single-dimensional graph.
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Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach
TL;DR: In fact, some common properties are shared by practically all legislation, and these properties form the subject matter of this essay as discussed by the authors, which is the basis for this essay. But, in spite of such diversity, some commonsense properties are not shared.