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Patent

Z-cut crystal electro-optical modulator

TLDR
In this article, a plurality of Z-cut KDP-type crystal optical modulators, each having a fast axis and a retard axis associated therewith, are arranged in a stack so as to require a potential lower than that required for modulation utilizing a single crystal.
Abstract
A plurality of Z-cut KDP-type crystal optical modulators, each having a fast axis and a retard axis associated therewith, are arranged in a stack so as to require a potential lower than that required for modulation utilizing a single crystal. Each crystal is formed with an annular recess around a center island on the upper and lower surface and recessed tails extending, in orthogonal relationship one to the other, from each annular recess. The crystals are stacked with alternate plates similarly aligned and adjacent plates oppositely aligned with respect to their fast and retard axes. A conductor is connected between each annular recess and one of two terminals of a source of potential in such manner that the effect of successive plates is additive.

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Citations
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