Ammonia and ppd in hair colour
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Ammonia and para-phenylenediamine (PPD) are commonly used in hair color products. Ammonia is typically used as an alkalizer, while PPD is a primary intermediate for azo dye synthesis . PPD is known to be the most important allergen associated with hair dye-related allergic contact dermatitis . It can be (aut)oxidatively transformed into haptens, which can cause sensitization reactions . PPD-containing hair dyes have been associated with cancer, mutagenicity, and acute toxicity such as allergic contact dermatitis . On the other hand, ammonia is used as an alkalizer in hair color products and can cause damage to the hair, particularly at higher levels . It is important to understand the reactive and toxicological potential of both ammonia and PPD in hair color products to ensure their safe use .
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| Papers (4) | Insight |
|---|---|
10 Citations | The paper does not mention ammonia or PPD in hair color. The paper is about a case of contact allergy to HC Blue no. 7 in a consumer. |
Open access•Journal Article 10 Citations | The provided paper does not mention anything about PPD (p-phenylenediamine) in hair color. The paper focuses on comparing the damage caused by monoethanolamine (MEA) and ammonia-based hair colorants. |
| The provided paper does not mention ammonia in hair color. The paper focuses on the use of 1,4-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and 1,4-toluenediamine (PTD) as oxidative hair dye precursors. | |
13 Citations | The paper does not mention ammonia in hair color. The paper is about the effects of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) on skin fibroblast cells. |
Related Questions
Ammonia and ppd in hair products5 answersAmmonia and para-phenylenediamine (PPD) are both present in hair products. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) is a common component in wastewater from hair products, and its removal is challenging due to high concentration and low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. A pilot-scale study using a Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) was conducted to effectively remove NH4+-N from hair product wastewater, meeting the discharge standard requirements. PPD, on the other hand, is a chemical widely used in hair dyes. It has been categorized as a potent sensitizer and has carcinogenic and genotoxic attributes. Studies have been conducted to determine the levels of PPD in hair dyes, and it has been found that the concentrations are generally below the allowable limits set by regulatory agencies. However, some products may contain high levels of unreacted PPD, which can increase the risk of allergic events. Collaborative efforts are needed to establish safe concentrations for PPD in hair products.
What are the characteristics of ammonia?4 answersAmmonia has several characteristics. It has high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities, making it a potential hydrogen carrier. Ammonia also has a high volumetric hydrogen density, low storage pressure, and stability for long-term storage, making it suitable for hydrogen storage. It is considered safe due to its high auto ignition temperature, low condensation pressure, and lower gas density than air. Ammonia can be produced from various primary energy sources, including renewables and fossil fuels. However, ammonia has unfavorable combustion properties, requiring further investigation for practical systems. It is also toxic to humans, exhibiting corrosive effects on the skin and mucous membranes. In the environment, elevated amounts of ammonia can lead to fertilization in soil, which can be unfavorable for ecosystems dependent on poor soils. Additionally, ammonia is toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Whats the effects of ammonia in a drinking water4 answersAmmonia in drinking water can have various effects. It can lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination and bacteria regrowth in the water distribution system. Excessive levels of ammonia in drinking water sources can result in accelerated corrosion, oxidant demand, taste and odor complaints, and elevated nitrite levels when nitrification occurs in the distribution system. Acute exposures to high levels of ammonia have been associated with diseases of the lower airways and interstitial lung. Additionally, ammonia can increase chlorine consumption and cause nitrification problems in the distribution system, especially when combined with other inorganic analytes such as arsenic, iron, and manganese. It is important to remove ammonia from drinking water to ensure its safety and prevent these potential issues.
Ammonia used in fertilizer4 answersAmmonia is widely used in fertilizer applications and is an essential compound for modern society. It is used extensively in the production of ammonia-based fertilizers. The production of ammonia involves the steam reforming of natural gas to produce hydrogen, which is then converted into ammonia using nitrogen from the air. The Haber-Bosch process is currently the main method for ammonia production, but it consumes a significant amount of energy and contributes to CO2 emissions. Biological approaches to ammonia production have been developed as a more sustainable alternative, including nitrogen fixation by nitrogenase in heterogeneous hosts and ammonia production from food waste using microorganisms. Additionally, crop production using nitrogen-fixing bacteria has been considered as a potential approach to achieving a sustainable ammonia economy. Overall, ammonia plays a crucial role in fertilizer production and is an important chemical in various industries.
What are the uses of ammonia in the chemical industry?5 answersAmmonia has various uses in the chemical industry. It is used in the production of fertilizers, such as synthetic methyl alcohol and synthetic petroleum. Ammonia is also used in the production of nitrogen-containing substances like fertilizers, plastic materials, dyes, and medicaments. Additionally, ammonia can be used as a hydrogen carrier and has significant hydrogen storage capacity, making it valuable for hydrogen production. In the food processing industry, ammonia is used for hydrogenation, which converts vegetable oils into fats for margarine production. Furthermore, ammonia is used in various industrial applications, including metal smelting, welding, cutting, cooling in power stations, electronic fabrication, fiber optics manufacturing, medical installations, and corrosion prevention in nuclear reactors.
What are the differences between green and traditional ammonia?5 answersGreen ammonia, produced using renewable energy sources, is cleaner and emits less carbon compared to traditional ammonia production. Traditional ammonia production using the Haber-Bosch process emits large amounts of carbon dioxide and consumes significant amounts of electricity. Green ammonia synthesis methods, such as electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and biocatalysis, have been developed to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Green ammonia can be produced under ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure with low energy consumption, bypassing the traditional hydrogen-production section. It can be used as a hydrogen-rich carrier for hydrogen storage and transportation, offering advantages such as high energy density, easy storage and transportation, reliable safety, and no tail-end carbon emissions. The development of green and sustainable ammonia-synthesis methods is crucial for achieving global energy and environmental sustainability goals.