What,s the lowest gas concentration of nh3 detected by catalytic gas sensors?4 answersThe lowest gas concentration of NH3 detected by catalytic gas sensors is as follows: MnV2O6 sensing electrode achieved a detection limit of 2 ppm at 550 °C. BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ (BZY20) electrolyte exhibited a low detection limit of 0.5 ppm at 350 °C. MOS sensors based on In2O3 and WO3 could sensitively respond to NH3, even down to 0.25 ppm. Cu2O nanoblocks dispersed on rGO-based nanocomposites showed high-performance gas sensing property for ultra-low concentration (5 ppb) NH3 detections at 80 °C. Pt/AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor achieved a sensitivity of 0.51% for 50 ppm NH3 at 30 °C.
What are the short-term and long-term effects of ammonia exposure on the respiratory system of scaleless fish?5 answersAmmonia exposure has short-term and long-term effects on the respiratory system of scaleless fish. In the short-term, exposure to ammonia can cause acute pulmonary effects and reduce pulmonary function parameters, similar to the pattern observed in obstructive pulmonary diseases. This includes symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, phlegm, and wheezing. In the long-term, fish exposed to low levels of ammonia over time are more susceptible to bacterial infections, have poor growth, and do not tolerate routine handling well. Additionally, ammonia toxicity can alter the biochemical, physiological, and immunological responses of fish, hindering homeostasis and increasing their susceptibility to diseases.
What is the concentration of ammonia in skin interstitial fluid ?5 answersThe concentration of ammonia in skin interstitial fluid has been measured to be 1.7±0.4 ng/cm3 for healthy subjectsand 2.7±0.8 ng/cm2 for patients with hepatic disease.
Why ammonia gas is important?5 answersAmmonia gas is important for several reasons. Firstly, it is gaining importance as a non-energy use of natural gas, particularly in ammonia production, which represents a significant portion of global gas supply. Secondly, ammonia is an entirely carbon-free molecule, making it a valuable alternative to hydrogen in sustainable energy systems. Additionally, ammonia has potential applications in various sectors, including power generation, transport, and industry. It can be used for long-term storage and energy import in the power sector, as well as for decarbonizing the maritime sector and refueling fuel cell vehicles. Moreover, ammonia can be utilized as a fuel through direct use or by cracking it to recover hydrogen for combustion systems or fuel cells. Lastly, ammonia is considered a potential medium for hydrogen storage due to its high volumetric hydrogen density, low storage pressure, and stability for long-term storage.
How can ammonia be measured in gas grids in a cost-effective and accurate way?5 answersAmmonia can be measured in gas grids in a cost-effective and accurate way by using various methods. One approach is to use accurate ammonia gas spraying and denitration equipment for large flues, which includes a flue module with grid-shaped through holes and an ammonia gas spraying system controlled by a computer system. Another method involves the fabrication of cost-effective, polymer-based electrospun fluorescent fibrous grids, which provide a large interaction area with gas analytes for more efficient sensing. Additionally, an ammonia gas sensor can be used, which consists of a detection box with through holes and a liquid crystal layer that reacts with ammonia gas to achieve high sensitivity. Furthermore, thin films of Co-doped MoO3 have been developed for real-time ammonia sensing, exhibiting high gas response and selectivity. Lastly, Sr-doped ZnO films have shown promise in ammonia vapor sensing, with improved response and bandgap values.
How can the Nessler's reagent be used to measure ammonium concentration?3 answersNessler's reagent can be used to measure ammonium concentration through spectrophotometric methods. The method involves several steps, including sample collection, preparation of absorption liquid, preparation of the Nessler reagent, preparation of a standard solution, treatment of blank control solution and sample solution, drawing of a standard curve, and sample measurement. The Nessler reagent is prepared by adding halogenated mercury to enhance its color developing ability and widen the range of its ingredients. The reagent is then added to the sample solution, and the absorbency of the solution is measured using a spectrophotometer. The absorbency is corrected by subtracting the absorbency of a blank test using distilled water. The corrected absorbency is used to calculate the ammonium nitrogen content in the sample. This method provides a quick and accurate determination of ammonium concentration in water.