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Can head movements be used to infer cognition?

Spatial cognition

Spontaneous movements

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Head movements have been linked to cognition in various ways. Research suggests that head movements can indicate cognitive load, mental activity levels, and even truth evaluation, showing a connection between bodily motion and higher cognitive processing . Additionally, spontaneous head rotations during spatial tasks have been found to be related to spatial problem-solving, indicating a link between sensorimotor prediction and spatial reasoning . However, head movement tendencies do not necessarily decline with age, and there is no clear correlation between head movement tendencies and cognitive function in elderly individuals . Overall, while head movements can provide insights into cognitive processes, the relationship between head movements and cognition is complex and influenced by various factors such as task demands and individual differences.

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Journal Article•DOI Probing the mechanism of saccade-associated head movements through observations of head movement propensity and cognition in the elderly Zachary C. Thumser, Nancy L. Adams, Nancy L. Adams, Alan J. Lerner, John S. Stahl, John S. Stahl - Show less +5 more 05 Mar 2010-Experimental Brain Research 5 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Functional magnetic resonance imaging movers and shakers: does subject-movement cause sampling bias? Glenn R. Wylie, Glenn R. Wylie, Helen M. Genova, Helen M. Genova, John DeLuca, John DeLuca, John DeLuca, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, James F. Sumowski, James F. Sumowski - Show less +10 more 01 Jan 2014-Human Brain Mapping 63 Citations	Yes, head movements can be indicative of cognitive status, as shown by increased movement with task difficulty, especially in individuals with lower cognitive ability, impacting data quality and potentially biasing samples.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI Spontaneous body movements in spatial cognition. Sergiu Tcaci Popescu, Mark Wexler - Show less +1 more 09 May 2012-Frontiers in Psychology 9 Citations	Yes, head movements, particularly spontaneous miniature rotations, can be used to infer spatial cognition during tasks like map reading, indicating a link between sensorimotor prediction and spatial reasoning.
Proceedings Article•DOI Automatic task analysis based on head movement Robert Makepeace, Julien Epps - Show less +1 more 05 Nov 2015 5 Citations	Yes, head movements can be used to infer cognition as they are indicative of cognitive load and can discriminate between different levels of mental activity and task types.
Proceedings Article•DOI Assessing with the head: a motor compatibility effect Stefania Moretti, Alberto Greco - Show less +1 more 28 Jun 2018	Yes, head movements can be used to infer cognition, as shown in the study where vertical head movements related to truth evaluation and horizontal movements related to personal preferences.

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