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Yes, you can ask a question in Spanish.

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Open access•Book The Mary Shelley reader : containing Frankenstein, Mathilda, tales and stories, essays and reviews, and letters Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Betty T. Bennett, Charles E. Robinson - Show less +2 more 01 Jan 1990 7 Citations	Yes, you can ask a question in Spanish.
Journal Article•DOI Peritoneal dialysis: the right question to ask Francesca Mattozzi, Luigi Vecchi, Piera Bertoldi, Giuseppe Quintaliani - Show less +3 more 18 Feb 2014	No, the text does not provide information about asking questions in Spanish.
Open access•Journal Article•DOI The Answer You Get Depends on the Question You Ask Marc A. Schuckit 15 May 2014-Biological Psychiatry 5 Citations	No, the article does not mention anything about asking questions in Spanish.

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Can i write in spanish?4 answersSpanish heritage speakers in the United States exhibit a wide range of linguistic profiles due to a combination of political, social, and educational factors. Most of them acquire Spanish at home without formal instruction in writing. Although previous research has explored the main challenges faced by these learners in Spanish writing courses, no current research has examined the linguistic features that characterize their writing using a corpus‐based approach that would facilitate the identification of their actual patterns of language use. This study presents the findings of a multidimensional analysis of the writing produced by Spanish heritage learners in three composition classes at the college level. The findings show how 47 lexical and grammatical features co‐occur in four distinctive discourse types: informational, descriptive, narrative, and detached, with some variation observed across proficiency levels.

Can you speak spanish?5 answersNo, I cannot speak Spanish.

You can speak in spanish?3 answersNo, I cannot speak in Spanish.

Can we speak in spanish please?5 answersSpanish is not mentioned in any of the abstracts provided.

Can you speak in Spanish?2 answersYes, there is information available about speaking in Spanish. In one study, it was found that a group of children in a fifth-grade team at South Alamo school maintained Spanish as the primary language of their social group, even though they all spoke English fluently. This use of Spanish served to unify the children but also created divisions between them and their peers who did not speak Spanish. The study examined the developmental needs of these language minority children in the socio-historical and political context of their schooling. It emphasized the importance of minority children developing a bicultural identity to navigate interactions with both white society and their own group. This research highlights the complex interactions between public school policy, curriculum, teachers, and the values and beliefs of families in shaping the experiences of language minority children.

Can you give information in spanish?3 answersNo puedo proporcionar información en español ya que los resúmenes proporcionados están en inglés.

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What studies show a dose response relationship between alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis?

Several studies have demonstrated a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of liver cirrhosis, highlighting the significant impact of alcohol intake on liver health. Llamosas-Falcón et al. quantified this relationship, finding a non-linear dose-response where females exhibited a higher risk of liver cirrhosis (LC) compared to males at equivalent alcohol consumption levels, indicating sex-specific differences in alcohol-related liver disease susceptibility. Similarly, Ding's research on Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) in liver cirrhosis patients revealed a non-linear dose-response relationship between continuous International Normalized Ratio (INR) changes and HE risk, suggesting that increased INR is a dose-dependent risk factor for HE among liver cirrhosis patients. Research combining human studies with model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans has shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol consumption and health outcomes, such as alcohol liver disease (ALD), further supporting the biological basis of the dose-response relationship. Rehm et al.'s systematic review and meta-analysis also supported the notion that alcohol intake and liver cirrhosis risk follow a dose-response pattern, with significant impacts on mortality and morbidity, and highlighted sex as an important factor in this association. The Million Women Study, which investigated the associations between alcohol consumption patterns and liver cirrhosis, found that cirrhosis incidence increased with the amount of alcohol consumed, even at moderate levels, and was influenced by consumption patterns such as drinking with meals and daily drinking frequency. Abassa et al. highlighted the exacerbating effects of alcohol on hepatitis virus-induced liver cirrhosis, showing that heavy alcohol use increased the severity of liver function impairment and the prevalence of complications like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal gastric variceal bleeding (EGVB). Sørensen's critical analysis suggested that the risk of developing cirrhosis might not increase further beyond a certain level of alcohol consumption, indicating a complex relationship between alcohol intake and liver damage. Wagner-Skacel et al. explored the relationship between FGF21 levels and alcohol intake in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC), finding that recent alcohol consumption was associated with increased FGF21 levels, although the expected reduction in alcohol intake in response to elevated FGF21 levels was not confirmed, suggesting a potential pathology in the liver-brain endocrine axis. Deng et al.'s study on chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver cirrhosis showed that alcohol consumption was associated with intestinal microbial community dissimilarity, indicating that alcohol-related pathogenesis might be linked to changes in the microbial community. Lastly, an experimental model developed by Antushevich et al. for alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis in rats further supports the dose-response relationship by demonstrating the effects of controlled alcohol and N-nitrozodimethylamine administration on liver health. Together, these studies provide comprehensive evidence of a dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis, highlighting the importance of considering alcohol intake levels, sex differences, and associated biological mechanisms in understanding and managing liver cirrhosis risk.What scales are there that measure public stigma towards gambling and/or problem gambling?

The scales that measure public stigma towards gambling and problem gambling include the Perceived Stigma of Addiction Scale (PSAS) and the Alcohol Adapted Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale (AA-PDD). Additionally, a study on stigma towards problem gamblers and gambling attitudes utilized a public stigma scale to assess perceived stigma towards problem gamblers across different countries. Another research focused on developing a public stigma scale for people infected with COVID-19, indicating the importance of stigma in impacting individuals and society. These studies highlight the significance of measuring public stigma towards gambling and problem gambling to understand its effects on individuals and communities.How do people measure stigma towards gambling or people with gambling problems?

Perceived stigma towards gambling or individuals with gambling problems is commonly measured using self-report questionnaires. These questionnaires assess social stigma, self-perceived stigma, and the relationship between stigma and socio-demographic variables to target interventions for reducing gambling-related stigma. Studies have shown that greater perceived stigma is associated with more negative attitudes towards gambling, less engagement with gambling, and lower perceived social accessibility to gambling. Additionally, research has evaluated measures of perceived stigma in people with addictions, such as the Perceived Stigma of Addiction Scale (PSAS) and the Alcohol Adapted Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale (AA-PDD), to understand and address stigma in this population. Furthermore, different labels for problematic gambling behavior have been assessed to evaluate their influence on public stigma, highlighting the importance of terminology in shaping attitudes towards gambling disorders.Gender differences in alcohol consumption in eldery?

Gender differences in alcohol consumption among older adults have been a subject of interest in recent research. Studies have shown that older men and women exhibit varying patterns of alcohol use. While older women have shown a significant increase in frequent drinking over the years, narrowing the gap with men, older men and women tend to drink above defined low-risk limits equally. Factors associated with at-risk drinking also differ between genders, with women exceeding thresholds with better health, while men exceed them regardless of health status. Additionally, socio-economic factors play a role, with higher wealth and education levels correlating with more frequent and higher alcohol consumption for both genders. These findings highlight the importance of tailored interventions and screening programs to address gender-specific alcohol consumption patterns among older adults.What are the brain abnormalities in alcohol use disorder ?

Brain abnormalities in alcohol use disorder (AUD) encompass a spectrum of structural and functional alterations. Studies have identified reduced white matter volumes in the left globus pallidus and altered resting-state functional connectivity patterns in AUD patients, impacting regions like the precuneus. Additionally, individuals with AUD exhibit heightened impulsivity, impaired neurocognitive functioning, and specific alterations in brain networks, including hypoconnectivity in certain regions and hyperconnectivity in others. Metabolic abnormalities in AUD patients involve decreased relative metabolic rates in frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, particularly in the dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortex, while increased rates are observed in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and subcortical structures like the striatum and cingulate areas. These findings collectively highlight the multifaceted nature of brain abnormalities in AUD, emphasizing structural, functional, and metabolic disruptions.Is peritoneal dyalisis better than hemodyalisis?

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers several advantages over hemodialysis (HD) based on the data from the provided contexts. Studies show that PD patients have better survival rates in the first year compared to HD patients. Additionally, PD is associated with better quality of life, autonomy, and flexibility, allowing patients to travel and engage in daily activities more easily. PD also preserves residual renal function, avoids pain from vascular access sites, and is more cost-effective globally compared to HD. However, there are instances where PD may lead to increased treatment failure and peritonitis, especially in renal transplant recipients with delayed graft function. Overall, while PD shows benefits in terms of survival, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness, individual patient needs and conditions should be considered when determining the most suitable dialysis modality.What are the effects of cigarette smoking on acoustic parameters of voice?

Cigarette smoking has significant effects on the acoustic parameters of voice. Studies have shown that smokers exhibit lower pitch values, higher shimmer and jitter values, and alterations in formants frequency compared to non-smokers. Additionally, smoking leads to decreased fundamental frequency, increased noise-to-harmonic ratio, and changes in amplitude, which reflect larynx and voice dysfunction. Acoustic parameters such as jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio are notably higher in smokers, indicating voice quality deterioration. Self-recorded audio samples from smokers have been found to provide sufficient quality for analyzing vocal features associated with clinical outcomes, with sustained phonation samples displaying the least perturbation and noise for the vocal parameters surveyed.What are the psychological problems with alcohol and drug use?

Alcohol and drug use are associated with various psychological problems. Substance use disorders can lead to stress, anxiety, and depression, often resulting in addiction. Individuals with alcohol or drug misuse issues may also experience comorbid problems like depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The intense activation of the brain's reward system by drugs of abuse can lead to neglect of normal activities and directly activate reward pathways, causing pleasure or a "high". Moreover, any level of alcohol consumption can result in cognitive problems, which is concerning due to the widespread use of alcohol. Studies have shown that lifetime tobacco, alcohol, and drug use can significantly impact psychological and behavioral variables, increasing the risk of issues like depression, anxiety, and impulsiveness.What is the impact of perioperative alcohol use disorder on the outcomes of ankle arthrodesis, knee and hip arthrodesis?

Perioperative alcohol use disorder (AUD) significantly impacts the outcomes of joint arthroplasty procedures. Patients with AUD undergoing total joint arthroplasty are at a higher risk of complications, including difficulty maintaining blood pressure during surgery, infections, prolonged hospital stays, and increased comorbidity burden, predisposing them to poor surgical outcomes. Additionally, alcohol withdrawal (AW) is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications in patients undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty, leading to increased risks of in-hospital mortality, medical, and surgical complications. Moreover, AUD is associated with higher rates of revision surgery, hospital readmission, and transient mental disorders following primary total shoulder arthroplasty, highlighting the negative impact of AUD on orthopedic outcomes.How does alcohol activate dopamine in the human brain?

Alcohol activates dopamine in the human brain by influencing the mesolimbic dopamine system, specifically the ventral tegmental area (VTA) projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or ventral striatum. Studies show that alcohol induces dopamine release in the NAc, leading to a euphoric sensation. Ethanol administration results in a decrease in dopamine D2 receptor availability in the ventral striatum, a characteristic of alcohol dependence. The mechanism involves a boost in Ih and AMPA currents in dopamine neurons, countered by potentiated GABA transmission at higher ethanol concentrations. Additionally, alcohol-induced dopamine release correlates with subjective pleasure and impulsiveness, indicating its role in reinforcing effects. Overall, alcohol's impact on dopamine release involves complex interactions within the mesolimbic dopamine system, contributing to the rewarding effects of alcohol consumption.Canine chronic pancreatitis updated management treatment options

Canine chronic pancreatitis management options have evolved with various treatment approaches. Diagnostic tools like cPL and cPE-1 offer sensitivity and specificity insights. Enteral feeding early in the disease course is supported, with no statistical difference in outcomes between enteral and TPN feeding, but fewer complications with enteral feeding. Peptide drugs like somatostatin and dalargin show promise in reducing pain and improving pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis in dogs. For chronic pancreatitis, a multi-disciplinary approach is crucial, with EUS aiding in diagnosis and genetic testing guiding treatment decisions, including radical therapies like TPIAT. Management focuses on pain relief, addressing exocrine and endocrine insufficiency, and considering potential complications like pancreatic cancer. Overall, a comprehensive approach involving diagnostics, nutrition, pain management, and potential surgical interventions is key in the updated management of canine chronic pancreatitis.